Overview of the household electrical appliances market: stationary and portable convectors, heat recorders, emitting panels, calorifers.
Fan "Sierra" company Airelec in a wall-mounted
SUPRA CB1500 Fan
Fan ("Thermal Gun") 2000 FRICO
"Where did the firewood from?- From the forest, Vestimo. "
N. A. Nekrasov
"Jack Frost"
Remember the luxurious Martam icicles in the picture of Juna? In the afternoon, the sun is silent, and at night the frost takes his own. Uncomfortable in the house, drooping. Well, the order of firewood was enough to spring. Nekrasovsky times, however, irrevocably rushed flew, and more modern methods of housing heating came to shift.
Electrical networks allow with minimal losses to transport an environmentally friendly energy type at any distances. Reliefing developed countries electricity is cheaper than natural fuel, burning in rural and urban boilers. This is especially true for regions, delivery to which coal, oil and gas requires significant material costs. The same, combustion of organic fuel in order to obtain electricity away from megacities with high population density, perhaps today is the only condition for providing relative environmental purity.
Household electrical installation devices are simple and safe to use, compact and hygienic, compatible with automatic control systems for the microclimate of the room. They do not burn oxygen in the air and do not distinguish combustion products.
In Russia, where electricity, obtained on numerous power plants, was and still remains the cheapest fuel appearance after gas, the electrical heating systems did not receive, however, are widespread. This type of heating found an application in areas with expensive imported fuel, in the south of the country, in resort areas and places located near the hydroelectric power plants. Injectors, where water heating systems are historically built, electric heating devices in homes were used only for partial heating. It is much less likely where the power of the transformer substation allowed, the electric heating was purposefully made the main.
Reconstruction and creation of new electrical networks for the construction of electrical heating systems and individually, and in apartment buildings requires significantly less means than the repair, reconstruction and construction of new water heating systems operating from boilers, where solid or liquid fuel is burned. By simulating the geopolitical situation, when a number of traditional sources of supply of fuel were outside of Russia, as well as taking into account the experience of the "rail war" of miners, the relevance of the use of electricity for heating in the central regions increases more than ever.
Specialist in the field of electrical appliances V.S. Gorbachev produced a comparative economic analysis of water and direct electric heating on the example of small country houses with a heated area of 50 and 100m2 and with a standard thermal insulation for Central Russia. From the given table it follows that the cost of the installed "turnkey" of the electrotopying equipment is at least three times. Aesley take into account the current and operational costs (fuel costs) and low efficiency of traditional water heating, the advantages of direct electric heating become indisputable.
To select a type of heating, you should consider the area of the house and at what time of year it will be heated, and also find out if the power has a local transformer substation to connect your electrical installation. Heating devices will be different depending on whether you live in the house all year round or use it as a cottage, in the period from spring to autumn. But the most important condition is the condition of thermal insulation of the house. Even the most perfect system will not housing, if the thermal insulation is imperfect or is in disserval. We assume that in your house, thermal insulation corresponds to changes in N3, introduced in SNIP II-3-79 "Construction Heat Engineering" from January 1, 1996, which provide for an increase in the thermal resistance of the enclosing structures by 1.7 times, and from 2000 in 3 , 5 times. In other words, the rules regulate the use of highly efficient thermal insulation materials, mainly fibrous and foams.
By type of heat transfer, heating electrical appliances are divided into convection, emitting and combined, according to the method of transmission of heat and directly transforming electricity to heat and accumulation.
In convection devices, the cold air is naturally or forced by climbing up, passes through the heating element and through the circulation in the room transmits the items and people in it. The temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling in the convectors with a vertical output of warm air is 9C, in convectors with front output, 4C.
Electro removers received the greatest distribution in our country. The domestic industry produces dozens of species of such devices in which the heating element is nichrome spirals or tagnes. Electro-referry fan function is combined with air heating forced convection. Promotable products are similar to electroconvectors heating elements. Management of convection appliances occurs with the help of electromechanical or electronic temperature controllers (thermostats) and thermostators.
The operation of electric radiating panels is based on the principle of infrared long-wave thermal radiation, similar energy of the Sun. They heat the items in the room, evenly radiating heat. Radiating panels can be installed on the walls and the ceiling.
The heating devices of the combined type are the oil-filled electrical radiators with thermal returns due to convection of oil and radiation from the heated surface of the housing. The heater at the bottom of the radiator heats the oil, which floats upstairs, and the cold oil flows along the walls, which has already given its warmth. Portable oil-filled electrical radiators, as the means of auxiliary heating of housing and offices, received distribution in Russia due to their low cost and long service life (more than 3000 hours). With the help of these devices, the automatic adjustment is carried out with the help of not very accurate electromechanical thermostat, as a result of which the temperature variation reaches 7c, and this entails energy loss to 15-17% compared with convectors equipped with precision electronic temperature controllers.
The Russian industry has mastered the release of all types of electrical heating devices. It is possible to provide an example of convectors for the production of JSC Delmitov (Miass) and the Nelidovsky Plastics Plant, the radiating panels of Eksitonnep LLC (Khotkovo Moskovskaya Region).
In the field of building stationary systems of electric heating, applicable in the cottage, are indicative of the achievements of the French and Norwegian industries. Proven by the French and Norwegians, environmentally friendly stationary and portable heating devices practically do not require any maintenance and exempt the user from restrictions peculiar to traditional types of heating.
A variety of models makes it easy to select the desired device for any type of housing. Stylistically neutral and aesthetic, they easily adapt to any interior and allow you to significantly save the useful area. All electrical apparatus have double protection of current parts. Thermostators with electromechanical or electronic control, the possibility of remote (according to the control wire and radio) of the system control using the controller (programmable control device in stationary electrical heating devices) makes these electrical appliances with a source of perfect comfort and a healthy lifestyle in an unpolluted environment .
Stationary convectors of French firms Airelec and Atlantic are equipped with tubular electric heaters with aluminum plates, increasing the area of contact with heating air and protected from the outside the all-metal panel. Their capacity is from 500 to 3000W. Control is carried out by means of an electromechanical or electronic temperature controller, there is a thermofer with automatic re-inclusion. Programming work is done both through the control wire and on the radio. Various programming options are possible: a comfortable mode, night mode, room heating mode in the absence of people in it (the temperature drops up to7c), the operation mode is set to the controller.
Interesting CONVECTERS-thermal recorders of the THS series of the company ATLANTIC, in which the convective principle is combined with heat accumulation. The battery is the stones from magnetite, holding heat for 6 hours from the moment of stopping charging. Such devices are particularly comfortable in housing, where two-timing electricity meters are installed. Charging is carried out at night at a preferential rate, the day the convector evenly gives the heat without consuming electricity. Power convectors-heat recipients from850 to1100W.
A new generation heaters can rightly attribute electrical convectors from Siemens. Equipped with electronic thermostat, they are sensitive to temperature fluctuations of 0.1C. Each degree of errors costs 5% of the total cost of electricity consumed by the heater, which is why Siemens convectors are very economical. They can also be additionally equipped with programmable controllers with which convectors are connected to the automatic accounting system and control of energy saving in the house.
Wall convectors of the Norwegian company NOBO ELECTROAS ("NUBE") are designed to heat the housing of any class. The control programmable 12-channel device "Nube Orion512" can not only provide electrical heating devices, but also include / disable light in the room and on the street, control the operation of household electrical appliances, etc., sending signals by electrical wires. Signals are accepted by controlled devices through Special "receiver plug".
The emitting ceiling panels of EcoSan Czech Fenix is designed for the heating of residential premises of any class and volume. The low-temperature panels with power up to750W can be installed on low ceilings, their radiating surface has a temperature of from80 to 15,000. High temperature panels with a capacity of 1800, 2400 and 3500W with a radiating surface temperature of about 300c are mounted on the ceilings with a height of 3m and above. The emitting panels installed on the ceiling provide savings of 20-25% of electricity and comfortable conditions due to a more uniform temperature distribution in height, with their help it is possible to create local zones of increased thermal comfort.
An interesting portable emitting panel with a capacity of 820W (model HSE-90HR) is produced by the Korean company Daewoo. The heating element serves halogen lamps in it. The electrical appliance is reinforced on a tripod, driven by an electric motor. Slowly turning, the heat source has time for one period of time to warm up in the room a significantly more extensive zone than the heater installed in one position.
Mobile oil-filled electrical radiators for efficiency are inferior to convectors. Qualitative and relatively inexpensive radiators with a capacity of 15,000 to 2500W produce American companies Honeywell and Duracraft, giving these products a five-year warranty. Oil-filled electrodiators are designed to heat the room with a volume of 20 to 60m3. They consist of 5-11 sections are equipped with an electronic thermaller, a stepped power switch, a thermo-primary and protected from freezing. Some models are equipped with a radial turbistator.
The products of Italian firms Delonghi, General, Laminox, oil-filled radiators of almost 30 models can be purchased at reasonable prices in almost any store of electrical appliances in Russia, widely represented in Russia. The radiators of the Dragon series with a capacity of 1.5 and 2kW, which have an optimal price / quality ratio are used in demand. However, it should be known, however, in contrast to stationary appliances, oil-filled electrical radiators cannot be left included for a long time without supervision.
Without a certificate, the operation of non-standard electrical installations in housing of any type is categorically prohibited.
We believe the picture of the diversity and unlimited possibilities of heating electrical devices turned out to be impressive. It is possible that the reader has an illusion of simplicity of solving the problem. I went, they say, to the store, showed the article to the seller and bought everything you need. Do not share, gentlemen, without a heat engineer engineer and specialist in electrical installation systems, you do not solve the task. A typical solution of the problem in heating systems does not exist, and therefore in each particular case the specialists will accept an individual solution: use convection or radiation methods of electrical installation, to make it complete or partial, to combine the system with electrical heating of the floors, to establish domestic or imported electrical appliances, etc. for consultations And with the aim of acquiring high-quality electrodepoplary equipment, you can contact the Moscow firm "VIKS-1" - the official dealer of the Fenix Czech company, which is mainly French interests in the Russian market, in the joint Russian-French enterprise Soninfo.
Everyone knows that non-standard electrical installations in housing of any type since 1995. Be sure to be certified. Without a certificate, their operation is prohibited. Therefore, the fulfillment of all works "turnkey" is easier and more reliable to entrust professionals with a license with the experience of designing electrical installation systems and conducting electrical installation. Only in this case you, conveniently settled in a cozy and warm office, you can serenely watch, like a junior fitting draws in the window glass intricate patterns.
Capital costs (approximate)
| Area, m2) | fifty | 100 | fifty | 100 | fifty | 100 |
| Equipment | Import. | Italy | Fuecht. | Russia | Direct | Electric. |
| Type of costs | Price ($) | |||||
| Boiler (electric, gas, liquid or hard. Fuel) | 1600-2000 | 230-3500. | 23-300 | 35-400 | Not | Not |
| Radiators or electric convectors | 700. | 1400. | 550. | 1100. | 490. | 980. |
| Armature (pipes, valves, etc.) | 500. | 1000. | 400. | 800. | Not | Not |
| Antifreeze "North" | 250. | 500. | 250. | 500. | Not | Not |
| Installation | 2000. | 3500. | 400. | 800. | 140. | 280. |
| Guarantee | 1 year | 1 year | 2 years | |||
| TOTAL: | 505-5450 | 870-9200 | 183-4050 | 355-4050 | 630. | 1260. |
Fan against ... cold
What is usually associated with the type or sound of the running fan? Of course, with the desired cool, which he carries in the house with a burner, with fresh air, which the fan fills the stuffy room. Meanwhile, the scope of this device in heat engineering is just as extensive as in ventilation.
If the powerful fan is able to send in the desired direction of the mass of cold air, then why not control the air flow heated to the desired temperature? This engineering idea is embodied in life without a small century ago, however, the massive use of the fan in combination with electric heating devices for home heating began only in the post-war years. Vaechnik Various modifications of the instruments of this type were called electrocalores.
According to the "speed" of the heating of the room and there are no alternatives to the desired temperature in it to the desired temperature, there is no alternative. Then why not they, and the radiating panels and convectors occupied a leading place in the housing electrical heating systems? To optimally use the required type of electrical heating device, it makes sense to understand this matter.
The fact is that when housing heating, it is important not only to save energy, but also to ensure maximum comfort for people. Failure to comply with this condition can lead to deterioration of their well-being, and the health, you know, it is much more expensive than kilowatts / clock.
One of the criteria for comfort and quality heating is the temperature gradient (C / m) - an indicator of the temperature of the temperature in the room per unit of height, which changes depending on the heating system and the season. What it is lower, the more useful for people in the house. Night ceilings with high ceilings The temperature difference between the habitat and the ceiling can be up to 15c. So, the radiating panels are characterized by the lowest temperature gradient, and there are convectors behind them.
Another criterion of comfort and quality heating is the nature of air circulation. If, with convector heating, it occurs naturally, due to the action of thermal forces, the amount of dust particles are minimal. When heating using radiating air movements, it practically does not occur, and the dust remains on the spot. Everyone knows how important it is for astmatics or child susceptible to respiratory diseases.
Unfortunately, the electrocavorics in the smallest extent correspond to the two above-mentioned criteria for comfort and quality heating. The air temperature at the outlet in powerful electrocavorics reaches 100 ° C. The temperature gradient of these devices is 2.5 s / m, while the convectors it is 1.7, and in the radiating panels, 0.3c / m. The high temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling arising from the use of an electrocalorifer as the main heating device leads to the occurrence of drafts in the field of the floor, the jet of the heated air carries the clouds of dust, especially if there is no cleaning in the rooms for a long time. To align the temperature difference in the room, the fans are used again, which are installed on the ceiling. The warm air is headed from under the ceiling down, providing uniform heat distribution. Sweet rooms, the use of ceiling fans in combination with electrocalorilities allows to reduce heating costs by 15-30%.
Finally, the aircrafttor of the Calrifer and the air cited by movement creates noise, measured 35-55 dB, which can be compared with the sounds of a car engine operating in the courtyard at home.
Please do not hurry with the conclusion that there should be no electrocalores in the dwelling of the place. There are rooms with excessive humidity, for example, a basement or a bathroom, in which convectors and emitting panels will be less effective than fan heaters. These devices are indispensable if you need to quickly dry the room. There are low power electrocavororals, intended for zonal and point heating, for example, a desktop workplace or even legs under the table. Dryer for hands in the bathroom is also an electrocalorifer. Large air turbulence These devices do not create, but the real efficiency of their use is quite noticeable.
Arriving in the fall in the abrupt country house, before it warms up to the desired temperature using the stationary heating system, you have the ability to quickly heat the air in the room and dried using it using a "heat gun" - a fan heater that is easily transported in the car trunk. Conditions of construction and reconstruction of the building, when the heating system is not yet mounted or disabled, the electrocavorics are almost the only heating system and drying plastered and painted surfaces.
And you forgot about the utility and technical premises? The permanent heating of the garage is an unjustified luxury, but also to work in a divergence of the premises of the pleasure of dubious. Heat the garage or create a comfort zone around a working person possible with the help of the same "heat gun". Creating excessive air pressure, fan heater, besides, removes the exhaust gases of the automotive engine out of the garage.
There is another task that is successfully solved with the help of electrocavororals. Opening the outdoor door of the house in the cold season, we lose a large amount of heat that just goes to the street. Community buildings and shops have long been distributed air curtains working on the principle of separation of two environments. The stream of warm air, which comes from above or on the side of the door plane, creates an obstacle to the heat leakage to the street and penetration of cold air into the interior. Thus, the cost of heating the hallway or the lobby is reduced by 15-20%. Venergilated houses, both private and multi-apartment, such a curtain today is not considered in excess and eventually justify the cost of installation. The modern air curtain is controlled automatically and goes into an economical mode when the door is closed. The conditions of harsh Russian winters and the growth value of the energy carrier such a vest is designed to become an integral attribute of any building.
It is also important that the electrocavorics is cheaper than convectors and radiating panels. In the Russian market you can find dozens of varieties of electro-gallers of domestic and imported production. The developer and manufacturer of more than 40modifications of mobile and stationary electrical referries and air vents of the CE type is CJSC NTC CT Aelmp (Moscow). Produced by the fan heaters and air curtains are equipped with built-in and remote control panels and thermostat to set the desired temperature in the range from0 to 30C.
The devices have three levels of protection and are designed to work in automatic mode. At the request of the buyer, they can be equipped with controllers to connect to automated control systems. The power of fan heaters - from3 to 30kW, thermal veins3 to 90kW.
Fan heaters with power 3, 4.5, 6kw and air curtains 7.5 and 12kw are equipped with low-noise engines and can be used for household purposes. According to experts, domestic devices with a slightly larger weight have a number of technical advantages over similar products of such foreign firms, like Delonghi (Italy), Philips and Duracraft (Germany), FRICO (Sweden). Kprimeru, a large temperature range and performance, higher speed of air flow at the output, etc.Stationary and mobile fan heaters intended for rapid air heating in rooms ("thermal guns") with a capacity of from3 to 30kW, as well as air curtains with a power of 2 up to56kW to protect door openings of any size produces a Swedish firm FRICO.
Portable Flight Heater Series 2000 with a capacity of 6-15 kW has built-in automatic control. Low engine noise level, the possibility of stepped power adjustment and air flow velocity makes fan heaters of Series 2000 ideal for all types of rooms. Powerful, unpretentious portable fan heaters model T93 (9kW) and T153 (15kW) are designed for heating and drying in construction conditions, in workshops, etc.
An example of a thermal air curtain for small openings is AC-100, produced in two versions with a capacity of 2 and 3kW. In addition to direct destination, it can also be used in the house as an increase in the comfort of the heater installed on the inner doors separating rooms with different temperatures.
No less diversity and equally high quality products are distinguished by the products of the Norwegian firm PIROX, also producing fan heaters and air curtains. Portable fan heaters of the PROFF series with a power of 24kW, Mobil Allround series (3-6 kW) in their characteristics and designs are very similar to FRICO fan heaters. The same can be said about Pirox air curtains for small doorways and tambourines ScreenMaster LRX (2 and 3kW) and ScreenMaster LG (3, 5.6 and 9kW).
Air curtains for any purpose produces the leading British company Thermoscreens in this area. This service in any of the premises can be maintained warm in winter and cooler. Behind the work, the curtain is followed by programmable microprocessor devices.
The German firm Stiebel Eltron produces floor and wall fan heaters, the advantage of which, along with good performance, is an ergonomic design. Their power is 2kW, they are equipped with a two-stage power switch, a thermographer, who elsewhere can be used as conventional fans. Apply both in private bathrooms and in residential areas.
Similar to technical specifications and design, mobile electrical refers are produced and delivered to the Russian market of Airelec and Supra (France), Honeywell (USA), Duracraft (Germany), Delonghi (Italy). They are intended for rapid heating of residential and service rooms with a volume of 40-60m3. Heating elements are stepped resistance with weak inertia or TEN in a protective ceramic shell. Their power is 500-2500 W. The devices are equipped with protective shutdown devices, thermal programpers, mechanical thermostators and stage power switches, timers and programmable devices for 24 hours, are distinguished by modern and diverse design.
In conclusion, I would like to give several recommendations. Do not rely only on your own awareness. A consultation with a specialist should be preceded by a specialist, and in certain cases, with the local government engineer of the State Energy Drug: after all, the possibility of increasing the power of the electrical installation is far from always, and not only funds are required to solve this problem, but also professional project documentation. Purchase heating electrical appliances in specialized stores and authorized dealers of supplier companies. Do not trust the installation of random people. Remember that the electrical installation, like the car, is legally defined as a "heated hazard" means. Self-mounting equipment with violation of current norms and rules, you are thereby take responsibility for the consequences in the event of human damage to electrical, deterioration of the power grid and the emergence of a fire.
The editors thanks the candidate of Technical Sciences V.S. Gorbachev for the materials provided.