Tekinoloje yomanga nyumba yomanga mphamvu yomanga nyumba yomanga nyumba yosungika iwiri yokhala ndi gawo la 256 m2
Munthu aliyense akamamanga nyumbayo akufuna kuwononga mphamvu momwe angathere - sanazindikire kale, ndipo chaka chilichonse amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. Tidzauza momwe zaka ziwiri zapitazo anayesa kupanga mphamvu zothandiza, ndiye kuti, chuma pantchito, nyumba m'magawo apansi.
Koma ngati ku Europe ndi United States kwakhala kalekale kuchokera ku ziphunzitso za misa yayikulu yomanga nyumba zoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu, kenako munthawi iyi, njira zoyambirirazo m'magawo osiyanasiyana, monga gawo lazikulu zapamwamba Kuyesa, nyumba zoyesedwa ndi malo amangidwa. Koma ambiri okha. OT, kuti akwaniritse mfundo zambiri zopulumutsa mphamvu pomanga magalimoto, ngakhale kuti palibe mawu. Komabe, nyumba zamphamvu m'banda zamphamvu kwambiri m'banda zathu zawonekera kale. M'nkhani yolemba, tinena za momwe Abs-stroy (Russia) mu 2008-2009. Atamanga nyumba yotere. Koma choyamba tiyeni tiwone ndi malingaliro ena omwe alipo m'derali.
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1-3. Gulu la 3d (1) lili ndi maulendo awiri ofanana-ophatikizidwa ndi mabowo ophatikizika, kulowa pakona ya ma polystyrene pagawo la polystyrene, lomwe lili pa Doita. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, gulu la khoma limakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri komanso kututa. Ngati mukufuna kudula kapangidwe kake kuti mutsegule kapena kutsegulidwa kwa mawonekedwe a nkhope, amagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: Choyamba, chowonjezera, maupangiri olimbikitsa (2, 3) amadulidwa ndi mbali zonse ziwiri, Ndipo kenako mpeni wa chithovu.
Chimbalangondo
Udindo wa "Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito" Yogwira Ntchito Imatha Pambuyo pa Mavuto a Enest a 70s. Zaka za GHX Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaunizo, pomwe malamulo a otetezedwa omanga amawonjezeka ndi 2-3.5 maulendo kunja. Makhalidwe amenewa adatsukidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa chomwe mawu awiri omwe adawonekera: nyumba zotsika kwambiri (dne) ndi mphamvu zotsika kwambiri (serthe). Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa chaka choyamba cha izi (Dne) ndi 30-70 kw x h / m3, wachiwiri (chifukwa) - 15-30 kw x h / m3.
Wogwira Ntchito (kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Nyumba yogwira) ndi mgwirizano wa nyumba yopanda pake komanso yanzeru. Chifukwa cha izi, samangogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso mwaluso amataya ndalama zomwe sizikugwira ntchito zomwe zimawononga. Chinthu chachikulucho, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa nyumba yogwira ntchito momwe angathere kumadzipangitsa kukhala amadzifunidwa padzuwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphepo, kutentha kwa nthaka. Nyumba zogwira zidamangidwa kale m'maiko angapo aku Europe, ndipo mu Seputembala 2010. Nyumba yoyamba yotereyi idayikidwa ku Russia. Magazini yathu idzafotokoza za momwe adzaikitsire.
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4-6. Mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi waya wokulunga womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsa kogwirizana, pasadakhale kuyambira pa maziko (4). Kutalika kwa ma panels adatsekedwa ndi gridi yolumikiza (5). Kuchokera pamwambapa, zotseguka mbali zonse ziwiri zidalimbikitsidwa ndi ndodo zolimbikitsira, m'mphepete mwa gululi ndi gulu lopangidwa ndi mbali yozungulira (6).
7. Kulumikizana kwa mapanelo ndi kunja komanso kuchokera mkati, kumangiriza ndi ndodo zolumikizira, kenako ndikuphimba mafupa olimbana ndi zigawo zoyenera za Gridi.
Zivumba, za lingaliro la "nyumba yobiriwira" (kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Nyumba yobiriwira). Awa si dzina la katswiri womanga ndi ntchito ya nyumba zomanga mphamvu, zomwe zikufuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi zakuthupi pomwe mukusintha nyumba ndi chitonthozo chawo. Ili ndi malingaliro onse otengera lingaliro lopulumutsa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso "mgwirizano" wokhala ndi zikhalidwe zamtsogolo, onani ", NAVD, N 5; 2010, N 5; 2010 , N 3).
Tanthauzo la lingaliro limakhala motere. Nyumba yobiriwira ndi mphamvu yothandiza, yachuma pogwiritsira ntchito komanso zachilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kumwa kwake mphamvu ndi osachepera 25% mochepera kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, komanso kuti akwaniritse izi, pomanga ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomwe iko, kapena mutakhumudwitsidwa . Ndikofunikanso kuti azigwiritsanso ntchito. Maganizo achuma kuzachilengedwe amaganiza ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera, chifukwa kutsuka koyenera komanso kusefukira, kutsuka, kutsuka pansi, ndi zina zotayira. Nyumba yobiriwira iyenera kumangidwa, poganizira za zochitika zakomweko, miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe. Ndipo tsopano, pamene tichita ndi mawu opangira mphamvu zoyendetsera bwino mphamvu, tidzachitapo kanthu.
Kodi lingaliro linali chiyani?
Mwini wamtsogolo wa nyumbayo ndi wothandiza kwambiri. Adaganiza kuti kukhala kwawo kumayenera kuwononga mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zingachepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndipo popita nthawi, bweretsani ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumbayo. Chitani za pakati adakumana ndi njira zamakono zomangamanga.
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8-10. Polunjika kanthawi yayitali pa chipinda chochezera, komanso m'munda wachisanu, komwe iwo anakonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito masokota, madokotala a 3D adalimbikitsidwa ndi mizati ya konkriti. Adapangidwa mwachindunji m'njira zingapo. Mizamu ya gawo laling'ono (8, 9) lopangidwa kuchokera ku konkriti ya M300 monolithic pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ochotsa. Mfundo yodziwika bwino (yokhala) yomwe idapangidwa (10) idachitidwa kuchokera ku mapanelo a 3D ndipo ndi ziwonetsero zotsatizana ndi konkriti. Opangidwa ndi zitsamba limodzi ndi mitengo yomwe ili pakati pa masitovu 3d amapanga magetsi amphamvu.
Akatswiri a kampaniyo, yomwe adalangiza kukhazikitsa, kupeza njira yotsatirayi: kumanganso makhoma ndikudutsa ma panels a 3d, ndikumayika pansi mbali zonse ndi njira yozunza wosanjikiza, kupanga Kumanga kolimba kwambiri, koma kotentha kwa nyumbayo, kenako ndikutenthetsa linga kunja kwa chiphona. Kuwerengera kwamafuta kunawonetsa kuti khoma lokhala ndi chithovu cha 120mm Polystrene chomata mbali zonse ziwiri ndi konkriti , yomwe imafunikira Snip 23-02-2003 "kutetezedwa kwa nyumba" kwa mtunda wa Russia. Mndandanda wa Kuchepetsa phokoso la mpweya lidzakhala 60dB. Mwini mawerengero wotere anali okhutira.
Mazuko
Kuyambitsa nkhani yokhudza maziko, tikuwona kuti malo omangawo anali kumapeto kwa mudziwo, madziwo amayenda mmalo mwake mwachilengedwe pafupifupi "malo okwera" pamwambapa. Ngakhale mvula yaying'ono idasintha gawo lino mu dambo weniweni. Kuzindikira kuti ndizosatheka kumanganso chiwembu chotere, kasitomala anaganiza zowonjezera maziko a pafupifupi 1m.
Nthaka idagona, idaphwanyidwa - ikuwoneka, idakhala youma. Koma atangoyamba kukumba ngalande yoyamba yomwe ili pansi pa zipatsozo, idadzaza ndi madzi. Zinaonekera bwino kuti kuchokera pachipinda chapansi ndipo ngakhale kuchokera ku maziko ouluka adzakana. Komabe, mwachangu anakhumudwitsa kusintha. Tinauma zitsime zakuya pansi pa mfundo yam'madzi ndipo timakhazikitsa zolimbikitsa, zimaponyera milu ndi mainchesi 250mm. Milu imamangiriza utoto wa monolithic ndikuphimba malo pakati pa "riboni" wake. Gawo la konkriti lidathiridwa pamchenga, womwe udayikidwa ndi wosanjikiza madzi, kenako mbale za polystyrene polstyrene wandiweyani. Adakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wina wamadzi, pamwamba pa zida zolimbikitsira, kenako ndikupanga konkriti yocheperako yokhala ndi makulidwe a 120mm.
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11-15. Pambuyo posonkhanitsa makoma a pansi yoyamba, mapanelo owonjezerapo 3 adawayika. Kupewa kusokonekera kwawo mu ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito konkriti, kosalekeza kosalekeza (11). Mapainilo mbali zonse ziwiri adalimbikitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ndodo zolimbikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchuluka kwa overlap (12). Panjira ya mapani mu gawo 250 mm, kulimbikitsidwa kwa mitunduyo adayikidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi mphamvu yawo yayitali. Pambuyo poti kungotikizana, m'malo ano, matembenuzidwe olimbikitsira konkriti yolimbana ndikugona pamakoma oyamba a lamba, omwe amakhala gawo la corolithic chimango. Mabatani, ndodo ndi mapanelo olimbikitsidwa a Mesh olimbikitsa 3D pa zokongoletsera zokongoletsera (13-15).
16-19. Pambuyo pa kumaliza kwa msonkhano wa makoma ndikuwomba pansi mbale za polystyrene ndi Gridi yokhazikika, matekiki ozizira madzi ndi ma elercocabels adayikidwa (18). Kuti muchite izi, mu polystyrene chithovu chokhala ndi tsitsi lowuma tsitsi limapanga ma gweves. Chifukwa chake madzi otentha mu mapaipi agona pamunsi pamunsi sanasungunuke, wosanjikiza wa eltstyrene wopota polystyrene wopota (19) adasonkhezeredwa. Pambuyo pake mapaipi awa adabisala konkriti.
Njira yopezeka imagwirira ntchito bwino muukadaulo wa ntchito yomanga makoma. Chowonadi ndichakuti pakusintha mapanelo a 3D, kulimbikira kwa zoyenerera (m'mimba mwake) madalamu, 500mm) amafunikira, ndipo "mbale" za makhoma ziyenera kuphatikizira ndi mbali imodzi - yamkati. Nkhanizi zimapangidwa kuti zisalepheretse kusamutsidwa kwa mapanelo okwera molunjika molunjika komanso molunjika. Analengedwa m'njira yosavuta kwambiri, akukhazikitsa mabowo ogwiritsira ntchito mpaka sikuti ndi konkriti ya Monolithic.
Maziko a Mapangidwe a Makoma
Maziko a ukadaulo womanga za nyumbayi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a 3D, kapangidwe kamene kamawonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane pazithunzi. Wosankhidwayo amangowonjezera kuti kuchuluka kwa mimba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lakunja ndi 120 mm, ya makoma amkati ndi zowonjezera, 100mm, kwa magawo - 50mm. Chiwerengero cha magetsi amachokera ku 100 pcs / m2 (pamphepete mwa khoma) mpaka 200 pcs / M2 (kwa mapanelo aposachedwa). Zowona kuti ndodozo zimawombedwa kwa grids pamalopo, sikuti zimangopatsa mawonekedwe okhwima, komanso samalola kusintha pakati.
Makadi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula makoma, gridi yolimbikitsidwa idzakhala yochokera pachimake cha 19mm, kukhala gawo-pa 16mm. Unyinji wa gululi ndi kutalika kwa 3m ndi 1.2m mulifupi ndi mbale ya polystyrene ndi makilogalamu 27 okha. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga zomangira zomangira (onani "IVD", 2009, 2009, N2).
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20-21. Ndi zouma zouma (20), kusakaniza kowuma (mafilimu amchenga, simenti, owonjezera owonjezera owonjezera) amadzaza ndi hopper yapadera (21). Chifukwa chake payipi yokhala ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa umadyetsedwa mu mphuno. Zinthu zabanja zimasakanikirana ndi madzi ndipo amakonda kuyenda mlengalenga mpaka gawo lapansi.
22-23. Kuwomba za gawo lapansi (22), osakaniza konkriti imaphatikizidwa kwambiri, koma gawo la ilo (mpaka 25%) limaphulika ndikugwa pansi. Kukula kwa mawonekedwewa kumayikidwa pamtundu umodzi ndi 40-60mm (23). Mukamamanga makoma a pansi chachiwiri, njira zonse zofotokozedwazo zimabwerezedwa kwathunthu.
Bweretsani makhoma kuchokera pa maenelo a 3D inayamba ndi ngodya imodzi, yomwe inathandizapo kupatsa nyumbayo. Mapaniwo adabweretsedwa pamodzi ndikutulutsidwa kwa waya wolimbitsa thupi. Kunamwa kwakanthawi kunalimbikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pa mapanelo atsopano, kuphatikiza omwe adulidwa pasadakhale. Kuti apange chikhazikitso cholimba cha mafupa, kulumikizana konse kwa mapaneli ogwiritsa ntchito waya wolumikizidwa, wotsekedwa ndi ma grids, ndipo, ngati pakufunika, zolimbitsa zida zolimbitsa, zolimbikitsidwa. Kenako omangamanga adayamba kupanga zochulukirapo (njirayi imadziwika mwatsatanetsatane pazithunzi).
"Chigoba" kuyambira konkriti
Kuwala (kuchokera ku LATTOTIUM - "Plaster Pali mitundu iwiri ya necrotition: youma komanso yonyowa. Mu njira yoyamba, osakaniza kwambiri amaperekedwa ndi peyiyo ku mphuno, pomwe imalipo, kenako imaponyedwa mu torque. Pamene mphuno ili yachiwiri, yankho lokonzedweratu limalandiridwa.
Njira iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake. Kwa njira yonyowa komanso compressor, yocheperako, ndi "reseund" yofunikira (yomwe ndi yotayika yosavuta) ya zinthuzo sizidutsa 10% (imachitika nthawi yomweyo? palibe mavuto. Zowona, kachulukidwe ka konkriti mu konkrizi wotsekeka ndi wotsika kuposa njira yowuma. Momwemonso, kudzetsa konkriti, nkosavuta kupanga, kumatha chisanu.
Njira yochotseka. Osakaniza amatha kuperekedwa ndi mtunda wautali. Poterepa, njirayi ndiyokwera kuposa momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito, chifukwa ndizotheka kuyika kununkhira kwa konkriti komwe kumadutsa. Zipangizozo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosavuta kuyeretsa (pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya woyeretsa), ndipo nthawi ya ntchito yake yovuta kwambiri ndiyotalikirapo. Mutha kugwira ntchito mu "Start Store" mode. Koma chachikulu - kachulukidwe kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya konkriti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuperewera kwa imodzi, koma chofunikira: kukula "kwa" rebround "kungafike 25%.
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24-27. FENAAM CRERRE KWA KUSINTHA KWA MABODZA Kunja kunapangidwa m'malo ndikuthira mu mawonekedwe ochotsa. Kuti muchite izi, kunja kwa nyumbayo adapanga mawonekedwe a zitsulo zamitundu 50 ndi 100mm (24), iwo adakhazikika pamakoma okhala ndi zonunkhira za nthito Kuti zinthu ziwaya zitsime, sizinayende kuchokera pazinthu zomwe zidapangidwa, mipata pakati pa khoma ndi mbiriyo idadzazidwa ndi chithovu chonyamula (26). Kenako mapepala okhazikika a Plywood adalumikizidwa ndi chimango cha Plywood (27) ndipo mipata pakati pawo inali chithovu ndi thovu. Malo okhala m'malo mwa ma sheet amapangidwira pasadakhale mabowo momwe adayika konkriti wa thonje ndi konkriti wa thonje.
Omanga amakonda njira yowuma. Komabe, sikunali kofunikira kusintha khoma la tinthu tating'onoting'ono titakumana ndi mphindi kuchokera kumakoma m'khola, akusokoneza. Chifukwa chake, monga momwe ambiri amagwiritsidwira ntchito mvula yamtanda yochokera ku nyumba zankhondo, ndipo magalasi otetezawo amalowa m'malo mwa chigoba cha wolowerera. Kusakaniza kofunikira kuti kuponderezedwayo kunapangidwa pamalopo, pogwiritsa ntchito chosakanizira pang'ono konkriti.
Kusunthika kolimba
Chuma cha foam - konkriti zopepuka, zopezeka ndi njira yolimbikitsira yothandizira (nthawi zambiri simenti), mchenga, madzi ndi thovu. Omaliza amakonzedwa kuchokera ku madzi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito zojambulajambula. Chiwindi chimapereka zofunikira ndi kufananira kwa mabatani a mpweya ku konkriti. Zikomo kwa iwo, ma conneter a Clumete a Mwala ndi Wood: Kukhazikika, kumasuka, kugwirira ntchito bwino komanso kuthekera kosunga misomali, ma scredringers Idr. Itha kukhala yopaka, ikuyenda ndi zingwe kapena zida zina, kupaka utoto uliwonse pogwiritsa ntchito "zopumira".
Mwa kusintha kwa konkriti ya chithope, ndikotheka kupeza gawo lofunikira, mphamvu yokonzedweratu yomwe idakonzedwa ndi mawonekedwe othandiza. Ndikothekanso kupanga zinthu zilizonse zofunika ndi voliyumu. Izi zimathandiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chithoke sikuti ngati zinthu zojambula (mbiri ya D1000-D2000), komanso ngati kutentha kwamiyala (D400-D500 Brite). Zoyenda zamatenthedwe munthawi youma zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe, komwe kumawonetsedwa mu mtundu wankhani.
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28-30. Kuti nyengo isasokoneze ntchitoyi popanga denga la kutsutsidwa, "hema" idamangidwa ndikuphimba filimu (28). Komanso, konkriti yolimbitsa konkriti yolimbitsa (29) idatsanulidwa padenga. Ataumitsidwa, nkhope ya konkriti idayambitsidwa ndi masticn mastic, kenako ndikuyika madzi.
Ntchito yomanga tsiku ndi tsiku imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi konkriti ya monoolithic chithotho champhamvu chodzaza zachilengedwe. Sizosadabwitsa chifukwa chifukwa limakupatsani mwayi wopeza zotsatira zachuma poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabulosi a thovu. Izi, poganizira ntchito yotsika mtengo, yotsika mtengo kuposa mabatani a foam. Palibe ndalama zoyendetsera, kutsitsa, kutsegula, kumenyera nkhondo, kukweza pansi ndi kugona. ICHO-Kugwiritsa ntchito, mosiyana ndi kuperekera kwina, mumachotsa "milatho yozizira" m'maso.
Mlandu wovomerezeka udasankhidwa kuti ugwiritse ntchito ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito potuta kwa oolithic chithondikiro cha konkriti yomangidwanso. Kuti muchite izi, makhoma adakopeka koyamba ndi makoma a zithunzi za galvanized, kenako kuti osachotsedwa Plywood Plywood Plywood.
Konkriti yopangidwa ndi konkriti yopangidwa ndi kufinya pa malo omwe amadzaza mafoni, omwe, limodzi ndi akatswiri autumiki, "adasinthira" kuchokera ku kampani yomanga yomanga. Dziwani kuti Plywood yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe ndi okwera mtengo. Chifukwa chake, kuti apulumutse ndalama, makomawo anali osindikizidwa m'magawo awiri: woyamba pansi, kenako, pomwe chiwanda chimachotsedwa, mapepala a Plywood adachotsedwa ndikusamukira kukhoma lachiwiri.
Kumaliza kunyumba
Kukongoletsa zakunja kwa makoma a nyumbayo ndi kokha: Omangawo adangowapangitsa iwo m'chipinda cha zitsulo, chomwe amakhazikika pamakoma a magwero. Kenako, malinga ndi ntchito yopanga, m'malo ena adakutidwa ndi kupakidwa penti, komanso mwa ena, tidayambanso kuyambitsa.
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313. Pa madzi ofunda, mbale za phula la polystyrene ndi seams zimathandizidwa ndi sealant (31). Pamwamba pa mbale, lachiwiri la madzi oteteza kusefukira, kenako kuthira konkire, ndikupanga malo otsetsereka kumbali ya kukhetsa (32). Kenako, konkriti idakutidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndikuyika matopewa mivieles (33).
Mukamachita ntchito izi m'magawo a makoma, kunsi kwamphamvu kunayambitsa mavuto, kunalibe mavuto. Avot okhala ndi zokongoletsera zokongoletsedwa ndi torcaretone, mavuto anali: Izi ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zosalala kuti pulasitala samangomatira. Zotsatira zake, masitepe amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito "diamondi" ndikuwongolera ndikuwongolera pamwamba pamakoma okhala ndi primer yapadera.
Zomangamanga kwambiri zomanga zidalipira ndikumaliza padenga logwiritsira ntchito (mwiniwakeyo adalimbikira chipangizo chake). Pankhaniyi, njira zodziwika komanso zatsopano ndi zida zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, zongoyerekeza zomwe zimapangidwira 2-3 zinalengedwa kuti zipangidwe ndi madenga a mabowo omwe atsalira m'madenga omwe atsalira amapangidwa ndi zonyansa za Terraco (Sweden) kutengera Polyirethane . Pamene wosanjikiza wamadzi unapangidwa, matayala opangira nthaka adayikidwapo.
1. TAMBORS 3M2
2. Hally 5,4M2
3. Warrober.
4. Chipinda chodyera 67.8M2
5. Chipinda cha 13m2
6. Munda wozizira 38,5m2
7. bafa 10,6m2
1. holo 8.2M2
2. Bata 23.9m2.
3. Chipinda 21,4m2
4. bafa 5.9m2
5. Atlebe 4,4M2
6. bafa 6,6m2
7. Chipinda cha 19.7m2
8. Ardrobe 6,3M2
9. Balcony 19.8M2
10. Kuwala kwachiwiri
Mapaipi okwirira anagona mozungulira nyumbayo, molingana ndi momwe chinyezi chakhazikitsidwa chimawongoleredwa pachitsime chapadera. Palinso madzi okhala ndi denga lathyathyathya ndi chimbudzi, chitsime chomwe chimakhazikika kuzungulira mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake. Chinyezi chophatikizidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira dimba.
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34. Zinthu zokhazo zomwe zidapangidwa kuchokera ku njerwa zofiira za nthawi yayitali panali Lipenga la Potchera moto. Idakhazikitsidwa pomanga nyumbayo - mu denga pansi pa kukhazikitsa, matsegulidwe adapangidwa pasadakhale, "kupanga" mawonekedwe awo amkaka.
35-36. Ngakhale pa gawo la kumanga makoma kunyumba, matabwa (35) adalumikizidwa ndi maupangiri awo onse pazenera ndi mawendo, ndipo zenera ndi mapangidwe a pawindo adalumikizidwa ndi iwo (36).
37. Kuikidwa molunjika mwachindunji muofesi ya eni ake kunabisa denga.
38. Madzi ofunda m'bafa ndi amodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimapanga malo abwino m'nyumba iyi.
39-40. Chitsulo cha zitsulo cha masitepe (39), omwe panthawi yomanga amagwiritsa ntchito ogwira ntchito, ayeretsedwa, opaka utoto, wopangidwa "mwala".
41. Makoma opukutira konkire kunyumba yolumikizidwa ndi gulu lazitsulo zodzikongoletsera. Kenako anali ophimbidwa pang'ono, wopangidwa ndi utoto ndi utoto wovala zovala zopepuka, komanso anayenda pang'onopang'ono potengera zomwe zimakonzedweratu.
Ma avenue kumaliza mwachidule. Zinachitika molingana ndi ntchito yopanga yomwe imapangidwa mwaluso ndi zojambula za eni ake. Nthawi yomweyo mkati mwa mkati unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zouma. Pansi m'zipinda zonse, kupatula zipinda zogona, zimakongoletsedwa ndi dothi, lomwe limathandizira kuyeretsa kwawo kuyeretsa.
Woyimba
Nyumbayo imawotcha boiler yowomba ndi mphamvu 40 kw. Mgonero wachangu pa nyumbayo umakakamizidwa, ndipo posachedwa mtsogolo a eni ake athetsere kuchira, monga polojekiti. Zonyansazo mnyumbamo ndi zaokha, koma zimakupatsani mwayi kuyeretsa mankhulidwe anyumba ndi 98% mphamvu. Kumwa madzi osankhidwa Kuchokera pamalire ophatikizira ma tanks, mvula ndi zosakanikirana zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu zida zokutira.Kodi chinachitika nchiyani kumapeto?
Chizindikiro cha kukana kwa kutentha kwa ro kwa makoma akunja ndi 4.04 m2 x os / w, for pansi porlap, 4.91m2 x ° C / W. Kodi zinapereka chiyani? Malinga ndi ziwerengero, nyumba ya 250m2 ya nthawi yozizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito potentha ndi dhw pafupifupi gasi 6500m3. Pakachitika nyengo yozizira ya 2009. Unadyedwa ndi 5180m3 kokha ndipo nthawi yachisanu, komanso yozizira yozizira kwambiri 2010.-50M3. Nthawi yomweyo, wobowola, kuwonjezera pa nyumbayo, amatenthetsanso garaja yodyera ndi gawo la 125m2, momwe limayikidwira.
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42-45. Munda wozizira (42) unakhala malo omwe amakonda m'nyumba ya eni. Denga lake sililinso opanga kapena eni ake omwe anaganiza zoti athetse komanso amachepetsa kutentha kudzera pa zomangamanga koteroko kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pofika m'munda wozizira, tinaganiza zopanga denga la zidutswa za chipinda chimodzi komanso chipika cha windows isanu ndi isanu ndi umodzi (43, 44) yokhala ndi kuyendetsa magetsi kunakhazikika mmenemo. Kuthana ndi kutseka kwawo ndi kutseka molingana ndi pulogalamu yomwe mwapatsidwa m'malo mwa nyengo yachisanu yomwe ikuyenda nyengo yachisanu "nyengo" nyengo ". Makoma awiri aku Tsikidwe apa akupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawindo atatu a chipinda ndi magalasi opulumutsa mphamvu (45).
Zisanachitike zofuna za nyumba yongodutsa kapena yogwira ntchito yokonza kutentha zidakali kutali komanso magome a nyumba zotere nyumba yokhala ndi makoma a 500mmming, yodzazidwa ndi makulidwe abwino kwambiri). Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito Yomwe Yopangidwa Ndi Nyumba Zopangidwa Ndi Imene Yotheka. Ipo chitsimikiziro ichi, Iye akukwanira ngakhale "zobiriwira". Pamaso pa chilengedwe chomwe sanawonekere pamaso pawo: Miyezo imasiya kugwiritsa ntchito chithovu cha polystyrene (kuti mudziwe za izi kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yomanga?) Ndi nyumba yomweyo kunyumba yanyumbayo ndi zopereka zawo poteteza zachilengedwe zomwe zingatengedwe ndi.
Kuwerengera kokulirapo kwa mtengo wake * Kukonzanso nyumba ndi malo onse 256m2, ofanana ndi omwe aperekedwa
| Dzina la Ntchito | Chiwerengero cha | Mtengo, pakani. | Mtengo, pakani. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maziko, makoma, magawo, kuwonjezeka, Denga | |||
| Kukonzekera dothi, chipangizo cha maziko oyambitsa | konza | - | 62,000 |
| Chipangizo cha Maziko a Milu, R / W Show | konza | - | 87,000 |
| Chida choteteza | 16M. | 2187. | 35,000 |
| Kukula Kusasunthika | 150m2. | 90. | 13 500. |
| Zopingasa zopingasa komanso zofananira | 300M2. | 158. | 47 400. |
| Ntchito yomanga maziko adalimbikitsidwa | 2383 | 2770. | 73 700. |
| Ntchito yomanga makoma, yopitilira muyeso ya 3D | 615m2. | 756. | 465,000 |
| Makoma oyendetsa makoma ndi maenje | 12300M2. | 846. | 1,040,600 |
| Khoma loumba la foamunieton | 41m3 | 2098. | 86,000 |
| Chitoliro cha utsi | konza | - | 18,700 |
| Kuyatsa madzi | 94m2. | 266. | 255,000 |
| Zotchinga zopindika | 94m2. | 104. | 9870. |
| Kukumana ndi Ceramiconist | 94m2. | 447. | 42,000 |
| Kusonkhanitsa chihema kwakanthawi padenga | 93m2 | 581. | 54,000 |
| Kudzaza mafoni | 91m2 | 516. | 47,000 |
| Ntchito Yakutsogolo | 407m. | 1086. | 442,000 |
| Ntchito yamagetsi komanso yambiri | konza | - | 421,000 |
| Zonse | 2 959 770 770. | ||
| Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo | |||
| Konkriti | 175m3 | 3097. | 542,000 |
| Mchenga, wosweka, simenti, yabala | konza | - | 92 000 |
| Hydrokhotloizol | 7802. | 26. | 20 280. |
| Njerwa, zosakaniza | konza | - | 29 000 |
| Kutalika kwa Polystyrene | 120m3 | 3100. | 372,000 |
| 3D mapanelo | konza | - | 852,000 |
| Torcaretone | 109 t. | 2844. | 310 000 |
| Sawn matabwa | 15m3 | 5600. | 84,000 |
| Polymer infrooung | 94m2. | 281.. | 26 400. |
| Kupatulidwa kusakaniza, kolimbikitsanso ma mesh, penti yapamwamba | konza | - | 75,000 |
| Ma cockis okongoletsa amatsatira matabwa | 152m2. | 605. | 92 000 |
| Zithunzi za zenera, zojambulajambula | konza | - | 426,000 |
| Motor Motork | konza | - | 189,000 |
| Pepala lapadera, mbiri | konza | - | 89,000 |
| Gailer gailer | konza | - | 272,000 |
| Zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi | konza | - | 532,000 |
| Njira Zobwererera ndi Fomu | konza | - | 80,000 |
| Zonse | 4 082 680. | ||
| * Kuwerengera kunamalizidwa popanda kuwunika pamwamba, kunyamula ndi ndalama zina, komanso phindu la kampaniyo. |
Board Board Zikomo khonsolo la zomanga zachilengedwe kuti zithandizire kukonza zinthu.