G20 Incamake Isoko: Amahirwe y'ibikoresho, imikorere n'amaraso, ahantu hasaba, gukina uburyo.
Ifoto
Z. Ryutdinova
Guhagarika hamwe na 1, 4 cyangwa 16. Ikiramiro yubugari bumwe hagati yabo na Block Yegeranye Kora Ingaruka ya Mosaic
Mubirahuri byibirahure - ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo kuburizada
Ubuso bwikirahure butagira ibara cyangwa amabara burashobora kuba byoroshye, umuyaga, ukongerera. Ibinyuranye nkibi biragufasha kubona ibara ridasanzwe ningaruka zoroheje.
Inkuta z'umwimerere "Ikirahure" zizashushanya imbere mu gihugu cyose utitaye ku kibanza cy'icyumba
Ingano y'urukuta kuva ku kirahure imbere mucyumba ntigomba kurenza 43m
Abahanzi b'ikirahure bakurikiza ikoranabuhanga ryo kuhakana (FUNGU) gukora ibirahuri byiza bifite isura nziza kandi bisa n'ibirahuri bito byanduye
Ibirahuri byiza bya avant-garde byuzuye uzuza amarangi no kubyutsa umwanya wamazu asanzwe
Ifoto ya A. Babaev
Tontel toni irakwiriye muburinganire bwa kera
(A-b) yashyizemo ibihimbano byumwimerere. Gutabara Gukuramo Vitrosilicon (D) itanga umukino ushimishije wumucyo
"Ikirahure" Igorofa ituma umwanya woroshye
Ishingiro ryibice bya "ikirahure" ni ikirahure kare kandi / cyangwa "igice". Isura yo mumaso kandi inguni ikoreshwa kugirango irangize.
Gushimangira ibintu hamwe na gari ya moshi-prop modular sisitemu
Ikirahure cya Radied Flow (Angle 45) kugirango uhuze neza urukuta
Urukuta rubonerana rutandukanya umwanya wucyumba, ariko gusimbuka kubuntu muri zone yinjira
Kwishora ni kimwe mubibazo bikomeye byinzu nyinshi zo guturamo. Umucyo muto muto winjira muri zone yinjiza, koridoro ningoro, ubwiherero ... ibice bisobanutse ninkuta ziva mubirahuri bizafasha gukosora umwanya. Bazahindura byoroshye kandi bagutse ndetse ninzu nto.
Ibirahuri ntabwo ari shyashya: hafi yimisozi yigisabukuru cyimyaka yikinyejana. Ibirahuri bigezweho bitewe nimbaraga za tekinoroji nabahanzi batandukanijwe nuburyo bwo guterana, kwizerwa mubikorwa nibishushanyo mbonera, bizatuma bishoboka gushyira mubikorwa ibitekerezo bidasanzwe.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Mu myaka 5 ishize, ibyamamare byikirahure byakuze bigaragara. Umubare wabakora wiyongereye, unyuranye namabara, urutonde rwibintu nibikoresho byo gushushanya byahindutse bitandukanye, umurongo wubunini wagutse. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane cyane nkibice cyangwa ibice byabo, usibye kurubu rukuta rugororotse kandi rugororotse kandi ruzengurutse ruvamo, inkuta, zikora ibisenge n'ibisenge bitandukanye murugo.
Ariko, ibirahure bifite ibibi. Ubwa mbere, imbere nkinkike, ibice, itumanaho ritandukanye ntirishobora gushyirwaho kaburimbo (ityama). Icya kabiri, ntabwo byoroshye kurukuta "ikirahure". Mubyongeyeho, ibirahure ntibishobora gutemwa kugirango ukoreshe igice cyahagaritswe. Idahagije ifata ikirahuri cyubundi bunini.
Stanislav Yakovlev,
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gushushanya
Ubwubatsi n'Ikigo cy'ubwubatsi "Dipris"
Anatomy yikirahure
Icupa ryikirahure ni bibiri bya kabiri-tirminal byatetse hamwe nikirahure cya 6-10mm. Igikorwa cyo gukora kibaho ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, bitewe nubuvumo bwumutwe, igice cya vacuum cyakozwe imbere yibicuruzwa byarangiye. Iki gishushanyo kigena imitungo idasanzwe yibi bikoresho. Kurugero, amajwi nubushyuhe - Ibirahure "Ibice ntabwo biri munsi yinkuta z'amatafari cyangwa ibifumbo bifatika bitarenze 0,43m2k / W. Ikibari cy'ikirahuri kirakomeye bihagije: Kurwanya ingaruka ni byibuze 0.8 J. Imbaraga za Tensile ni kimwe na M150, kandi nibura 15 MPA! Kubwibyo, inkuta ziva mubirahure zirahindaho umupira, kunyeganyega. Hano hari ibirahuri biranga ibirahure, bizahagarara, nubwo batera ibuye cyangwa barasasa. Ibikoresho ntibishobora kwibasirwa rwose itandukaniro ryigiturire -40 kugeza kuri + 40, kandi kubijyanye numuriro birinda ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro, umwotsi nubushyuhe na bushyuhe, kuko ikirahuri kidatangaje.Kubera imiterere miremire yo mu mazi y'ibirahure, kimwe no kurwanya ibitangazamakuru bikaze, urashobora gutandukanya inkuta zo hanze, ariko, zigomba kuba abatwara. Umutwaro ufata urwego, kandi ibirahuri biranga ikirahure bikinira urufunguzo. Ibice byabo byanyuma birahungana, kandi mugihe cyo kurambikaho byuzuye imvange ivanze. Impera akenshi zitwikiriwe nicyatsi cyera kugirango igisubizo cyanduye kitarahindura igicucu cyikirahure.
Inzuki kumwanya wambere ni ibintu byiza bifite ubuziranenge no kwitaho byoroshye. Ibirahuri ntibikuramo impumuro, ntukusanye umukungugu. Isuku yubuso irashyigikiwe ukoresheje isuku kubirahuri cyangwa umwenda bitose byahinduwe hamwe na moteri yose itari iturika.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Kurangiza ibirahuri ni ikibazo kitoroshye, cyane cyane kubabikora bwa mbere. Ubuso urukuta rwubatswe kuva ku kirahure cyikirahure kigomba kuba cyoroshye kandi gifite isuku. Ni ngombwa cyane gukoresha imvange zivanze zagenewe gukorana nibi bikoresho. Ibihimbano birimo inyongeramusaruro ziyongera zoroshye igisubizo, ingufu zayo (Adhesion) hejuru yikirahure, kimwe no kwihuta. Mbere yo gutegura igisubizo, imvange yumuntu igomba kuvanga neza, kubera ko ishobora gufata ibice byayo mugihe cyo gutwara abantu mugihe cyo gutwara. Nyuma yo kongera amazi, igisubizo gikangurwa numuvuduko ukabije.
Urukuta rw'inyuma rw'ikirahure rwakosowe ku gitsina gari n'imbavu ziva kuri beto cyangwa sima, bishimangizwa n'inkombe y'icyuma hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Imbavu zishyirwa muburyo buva ku mwirondoro. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe gusiga icyuho gito cyindishyi gitandukanya urukuta rwikirahure mubintu byinyubako yinyubako (inkuta, ibirango, nibindi) kandi bizahindura ubwisanzure bwimiterere. Icyuho cyuzuyemo ubushuhe nubukonje budasanzwe.
VYYLAV Yusukov,
Inzobere Tekinike ya Krazel rus
Ikintu Niki
Byasa nkaho imitungo itangaje yikirahure igomba kugira uruhare mugukoresha muburyo bwimbere kurangiza no hanze. Ariko, ku isoko ryikirusiya ntaho bikora ibigo byinshi bitanga iki gicuruzwa cyangwa bishora mugutezimbere. Kenshi na kenshi, ibirahuri ni imwe mu myanya muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurangiza. Benshi none bemeza ko bakwiriye gusa kubibanza bidatuye: ibigo byinganda, ibigo bya siporo na hoteri. Kugeza kuri 80. Xx muri. Guhitamo imiterere n'amabara yikirahure byari bike cyane. Bakoreshwaga mu kubaka ibice hagati y'ibibanza (harimo n'ubushuhe bukabije), inkuta ku ngazi. Uyu munsi, hamwe ningagi zinganda, urwego runini rwiterambere ryumwimerere kugirango abikorera ku giti cyabo bagaragaye.
Imyanya ikomeye ku isoko ry'Uburusiya yafashwe n'ibirahuri by'ibirahuri, bihuriza hamwe ibigo byinshi byo mu bihugu bitandukanye, bihuriye na Solaris (Ubudage), Vetroardo (Ubutaliyani). Ibicuruzwa byabo byerekanwe mu mabara atandukanye, ingano nini n'imiterere, kuboneka nibintu byose. Byongeye kandi, turagurishwa hari ibirahuri bya Jinghua (Ubushinwa), itsinda ryerekana (Ubutaliyani), Vitrosilicon (Polonye), Heck (Ubudage). Ibiciro byibicuruzwa byiburayi bitangira kuva ku mafaranga 165. Ikirahure cy'ikirahure cy'ikirahure (Uburusiya) ni amafaranga 160-260. Kuri 1 pc. Ibikoresho bihendutse nibikoresho bihendutse bya grodno ikirahure gikinira igihingwa (Biyelorusiya): 40-60 Rables. Kuri 1 pc.
Urumuri n'amabara
Imwe mu mico nyamukuru yihariye yitara ryikirahure. Ibintu bisobanutse ni 75-80%; Ukurikije iki kimenyetso, biragereranywa nidirishya ryibiryo. IYOBORA CY'IBIZA BIDASANZWE NUBU muto muto, na matete imwe na matte-30-50%. Ibi bigira uruhare mu kurema amatara yoroshye atatanye. Ubuso bwa matte bwinkuta zo hanze iratabaho, ariko ihinduka inzitizi idasubirwaho kubintu byamatsiko. Ariko rero, shimira abaturage bakikije urugo, ishyano, ntugomba.
Ingaruka nkizo-ziva mubirahure bihuriyeho hamwe nibitekerezo bitandukanye imbere. Imirongo, impeta, umuraba utanga amashusho yirabura cyangwa yera adasanzwe, uyobore urumuri rwinguni no guhisha ibibera inyuma yurukuta rwikirahure. Ariko, bitandukanye na Matete, basimbuka urumuri rwinshi kandi bahendutse.
Ibigo byinshi bishushanya ikirahure muri misa - akenshi ni tonestel tones. Ibirahuri byanyuma, ibirori byiminsi mizel ikora vitrablok. Ariko, kuramba kwibarabara kumabara hejuru biragabanuka cyane na uv imirasire yimirasire nubushyuhe, bityo ibikoresho birasabwa gukoreshwa bitagomba gukoreshwa kurukuta rwo hanze, ahubwo gusa.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Akenshi, abakiriya basuzugura ibishoboka byikirahure, ariko benshi muribo ntibatekereza, bamaze kumva icyifuzo cyo gukoresha ibi bikoresho mugihe ari imbere. Imiterere itandukanye, amabara, inguni kandi irangira ibintu bikwemerera kumenya ibitekerezo bidasanzwe. Muri ubwo buryo, tugerageza gusiga imisozi gakondo nkigice cyangwa urukuta rwose, rukora ikindi ikoranabuhanga. Imbere ya beto yifuro, twatemye selile yubunini bwifuzwa hanyuma tugashyiremo ibirahuri bya metero eshatu kugeza kuri bine, bitewe n'amabara yose yinzu. Rero, bahinduka ibara ryibara ryibara ryurukuta.
Ibirahure byo hanze ntibikunze gukoreshwa. Kugirango ushireho ibintu bifite ubunini bwa 60-80mm, mubisanzwe birashoboka kuzamura urwego cyangwa gushiraho podium, kandi ibi ntabwo ari nka ba nyiri amazu. Niba ukeneye kuzamura igorofa kugirango uhishe itumanaho, dutanga igishushanyo mbonera cyimiti idahwitse idasanzwe.
Olga Kharchenko,
Umuyobozi mukuru wa Biro y'Ubuka "Umushinga-Groupe 2000"
Gushimisha Geometrie
Ingano isanzwe yikirahure - 19019080mm. Ibicuruzwa binini-24024080, 300300100m-byakoreshejwe cyane. Hamwe na diagonal irambaraye, ibirahuri kare bihujwe na mpandeshatu (23617280mm). Ingaruka nziza nziza zirashobora kuboneka muguhuza kare-yuzuye kandi yiswe "igice" (190 9080, 24011580mm). Ariko, bakoreshwa mukubaka ibice bizengurutse: Hashyizweho ibirahuri byashyizwe kumurongo kuri buriwese, bigabanya igice cyo gutandukanya Radiyo imbere no kongera hanze. Kuva kuri "igice" biroroshye gukora urukuta rwikirahure cyangwa inkingi ntoya, utangije imbaraga zubuso hamwe na gride yubugari.
Icupa rya m-rimeze nk'icupa rifite ubuso bwa matte ku mfuruka y'urukuta rw'ikirahure zigizwe nibintu bitandukanye. Ibijumba byo mu kirahure (1909090mm) muburyo bwo gusaba bikoreshwa mu mbatso ebyiri ku nkoni nziza, hexagonal (190110144mm) -Pod nini (kugeza 120-130). Byongeye kandi, mu nsanganyamatsiko y'ibigo byinshi hari ibirahuri bya m-full ku kubaka inguni 60, 90 na 135. Birarangiye kugirango urangize impande zose kandi kuruhande rwibice bizafasha ibintu byiza cyangwa uruhande rumwe.
Bose babona ikirahure nkibintu byoroshye, bityo ibirahure hasi, ukurikije isubiramo ryamaso yubucuruzi, birakenewe cyane. Ariko, barashobora kwihanganira imitwaro ikomeye, kandi ubuso bwumutwe bubuza kunyerera. Ntabwo ari ngombwa na gato kugirango dusemburo hasi: kare kare cyangwa ibiciro byikigereranyo hamwe na Luminaires-ihindagurika rizagira akamaro cyane, kandi ingingo zaka "zizarinda kuzamuka no gukata. Igiciro cyo hasi kirahagarara solaris-170-500Rub. Kuri 1 pc.
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M-ingunzu yikirahure ibirahuri hamwe na matete hejuru
Bikomeye kandi akabona
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gushiraho ibirahuri:
ku cement-igisubizo kivugisha;
mu tugari twa modular;
Mu mwobo wateguwe mu rukuta.
Iya mbere yibutsa kubaka urukuta rw'amatafari cyangwa ibifu byiza. Banza utegure ishingiro, kimwe no gusukura ubuso hamwe nibirahure bizahura. Nyuma yibyo, witonze ushyire ingano yikigereranyo kizaza hanyuma ukomeze inzira (reba ifoto hepfo). Nibyiza cyane kandi bifata umwanya munini: ikirahure kitari hygroscopic gikemuwe hamwe nigisubizo kirenze amatafari. Niba ushize imirongo irenga itatu yo kwakirwa mbere (guhagarika ibirenze 2kg), havamo impamyabumenyi y'ibanze kuri rukuruzi irashobora "kugenda." Akazi kagomba gukomeza nyuma yo kumisha imvange. Kurambirwa ibirahuri byanze bikunze byashimangiwe ninkoni yicyuma (mubisanzwe hamwe na diameter ya 6mm), itagira ingano cyangwa irasa. Gushimangira birahagaze kandi bitambitse kugeza kuri 1-2, gutunganya neza mucyuma cyangwa mu rukuta n'amasahani yo kurenganya.
Ibicuruzwa byibicuruzwa byu Burusiya birangwa no kwihanganira cyane ku bunini: kugeza kuri 2mm (ibice by'amasosiyete menshi yo mu mahanga iyi parameter ntabwo irenga 1mm). Byasa nkaho itandukaniro rito. Ariko gutandukana muri geometrie bigaragaye, niba ushyize ibirahuri byabakora ibinyabuzima bitandukanye hejuru no kunyeganyega. Ibintu bifite isura yoroshye birahamye. Gutandukana kurushaho, biragoye kubiryamana.
Ikirahure cyiza (2-16mm) hagati yimodoka kugiti cye iboneka ukoresheje imisaraba ya plastike. Byongeye kandi, tandukanijwe (kuri chaams 2mm) yatejwe imbere na vetroardo byumwihariko kubikira byikirahure bya pegasus. Iyo igisubizo cyahagaritswe rwose, igice cyinyuma cyumusaraba cyakuweho, kandi ihererekanyabubasha ryuzuyemo uruvange ruvanze cyangwa amabara yamabara. Impuzandengo yo gutwika 1m2 - hafi ibihumbi 1.5.
Gushyira ibirahuri muri module idasanzwe yakozwe mubiti, MDF, umurongo wa plastie, plastike ishyirwa vuba. Ibi ni bibi hamwe na selile ijyanye nubunini bwahagaritswe. Akenshi, bakoreshwa mugushushanya ibice byinkuta. Module ibarwa ku ya 10, 20, 40 cyangwa nyinshi zisanzwe zikoreshwa kugiti cyawe cyangwa zikongerera. Igishushanyo gishyirwaho hasi, inkuta, igisenge, hanyuma wuzuze selile hamwe nibirahure, kubikosora hamwe na gaske ya rubber cyangwa kudoda. Amavuta y'Igitaliyani, Igipolonye, abahinzi b'Abashinwa barashobora gutandukana mu isura no gushiraho ibice. Ibikorwa, ubu buryo budasaba uruhare rwinzobere babishoboye. Nibyo, kandi usebye igishushanyo, hindura igishushanyo no gukusanya ntabwo byoroshye gukusanya kuruta kongera kugarura ubushishozi. Igiciro cya 1m2 module - kuva ku bihumbi 1.75.
Kwinjiza ikirahure mu rukuta bisa neza. Kwagura umwobo murukuta rwubunini bwifuzwa. Ariko, urukuta nikirahure ntigishobora guhura nubwinshi. Uru rubanza rugomba gukemurwa, aho hantu hazabaho umwanya uzarohama gato mu rukuta, kandi kumuntu uri kumwe nawe mu ndege imwe. Niba mini- "niche" ari ubwiherero nigikoni, ubuso bwabo bwifuzwa kuvura amarangi atagira amazi.
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Kreisil tekinoroji ya Masonry Ibirahuri biranga sima-Igisubizo:
Umurongo wo hepfo utangira washyizwe kumurongo nurwego. Hagati y'ibice, imisaraba ya plastike yashizwemo inkoni zishimangira za kaburimbo;
b, imvange ya koleyine ikoreshwa kumurongo utambitse kandi kuruhande;
G- Harck yakandagiye ku itara-umusaraba;
D- staut kubijyanye no gukoreshana namabandi idasanzwe;
Ibirahuri bikaraba hamwe na reberi ifuro
Idirishya mumigani
Guhuza ibintu byamabara atandukanye, imiterere nubunini bigira uruhare runini mugushushanya icyumba.
Ubugari bwubushakashatsi bufungura ibirahuri byiza byamatafari (itsinda ryibigega) kuva mu kirahuri hamwe namatafari ya zahabu hamwe na mosta yikirahure. Ibintu byinjijwe muburyo budasanzwe bwo kwishyigikira no kubikosora hamwe na kole hanyuma ushiremo. Sisitemu "ikadiri + yambukiranya" ikora imiyoboro yikirahure yibirayi byamashanyarazi, kugirango ubashe kumurika ibice bitandukanye. Igiciro - kuva ku ya 27.5 amafaranga ibihumbi. Ku gishushanyo cya 1m2.
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Igitekerezo cya Mosaist julio kugirango akure zahabu hagati yikirahure. Kubwibyo, ibirahure byikusanya zahabu (Trendgroup) bifite ingaruka zubuso bwimyenda. Imiterere - 19819880, 1989880mm
Ibara ryihariye ryometseho imbere yikirahure hamwe nashyizwe imbere-ikirahure gikozwe mubuhanga. Guhuza Ibice byikirahure byimitekerereze itandukanye, shaka ibitanda byumwimerere. Igiciro cyibintu byo gushushanya "Isoko rya Stroy" -1.4 Mables ibihumbi. Kuri 1 pc.
Mu rukundo, ibirahuri bizagufasha kudukiza kubura izuba. Mu gihe cyizuba niminsi yimbeho bazabura mu bwisanzure bwizuba ryifuro munzu cyangwa bikarema kwibeshya kwabo.
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira isosiyete "Giel", "Diel", "Diphris", kimwe na sosiyete "stroymariket" ndetse n'umuyobozi mukuru Nshingira ku giti cyanjye I.