"Cadaadiska casriga ah", meelaha dabka lagu shito iyo kuleylka kuleylka: moodooyinka, astaamaha isbarbardhiga, qiimaha.
Kordhinta xiisaha loo qabo nidaamyada kuleylka istacooniga ah waxaa loo sharaxay oo keliya si weyn oo shaqsiyeed iyo gaar ahaan, daaweynta guryaha guryaha ee nidaamyada kuleylka kala duwan ee suuqa ruushka ee nidaamyada kuleylka kala duwan. Waa suurtagal in la kala saaro laba arrimood oo waaweyn oo saameeya koritaanka aaladda aaladda madax-bannaan, tani waa bilowga dib-u-habaynta wadaagga ah iyo kelinimada hadda jira ee la adeegsanayo shabakadaha kuleylka ee cusub.
Kuleylka caqliga leh ee guriga dalka ama aqalka waa howsha leh dhowr ikhtiyaar oo xalka ah. Midda ugu horeeya iyo kuwa caadiga ah waa foornada ama goobta dabka, laakiin dhibaatadu waxay tahay inay kululeynayaan kaliya qolka ay ku jiraan. In kasta oo xaaladaha qaarkood ay aad u badan tahay. Waa suuragal in loo tixraaco dawooyinkaas ee foornooyinka, oo u baahan waqti yar iyo xoog.
Casri ah "Bourgehog"
Muddo dheer, laga bilaabo dhammaadka 50-meeyadii ilaa bartamihii 70-meeyadii, guryaha wadanka ee iskaashatada iyo kululaynta ee kululaynta, u isticmaal mamnuucida xusullada, u isticmaal dhammaan noocyada caynkaabka ah ee a Soosaarista tuubbada daaqadda. Sida caadiga ah, kuwan waxaa la soo saaray bir ama foorno bir ah oo la ilaaliyo, la ilaaliyay, in kasta oo sheekada oo dhan, magaca "magaca" ee "Bourgerog".Hadda waxaad ku rakiban kartaa wax kasta oo foorno ah, dabcan, tixgelinta amniga dabka. Laakiin xaaladaha qaarkood, guriga dalka, waxay dhisaan foorno aasaasiga ah ama meel dabka ah. Laakiin jiilkii qarniga cusubi waa mid fiican, oo keliya oo u eg kaliya borojalada sanadihii hore. Waxay ka samaysan yihiin bir qaro weyn oo daboolan ha ahaato kuleyl u adkaysta kuleylka ama rinjiga kuleylka u adkaysta.
Inta badan foornooyinka casriga ah ee noocan ah, marka laga reebo qolka faneed, waxaa lagu qalabeeyay isugeyn. Qalabkan fudud ayaa hawada qabow ka qaadaan sagxadda sare, kululaynta inta lagu gudajiro foornada, ka dib oo lagu qaso qolka kuleylka kulul. Sidaa darteed, kuleylku wuxuu u muuqdaa mid wax ku ool ah oo aan kaliya u sababeynin ku wareejinta kuleylka darbiyada foornada iyo qiiqa qiiqa, laakiin sidoo kale sababtuna tahay shiraaca kuleylka kulul. Faa'iidada kale ee foornooyinka noocaas ah waa hawadaas, iyo qolka laftiisa, si dhakhso ah ayaa loo miiro, kuwaas oo muhiim u ah guga markii ay furayaan xilliga iyo roobaadka roobka ama dummy. Waa in la sheegaa in foornooyinka noocan oo kale ah ay si wanaagsan ula qabsadeen doon jiilaalka. Si loo kordhiyo foornada kuleylka kuleylka ah ee kululaynta kuleylka ah ee qiiqa qiiqa ah ayaa ka soo muuqday iib, ama sida mitirrada sinnaanta gaaska ee khaaska ah lagu magacaabo, kuwaas oo bixiya kuleyl dheeri ah oo hawo ah awgeed.
Fooraaqyada badankood waxaa lagu qalabeeyay albaab lagu hagaajinayo hoolka iyo Schiter, mahadsanid oo aad ku dafiri karto foornada si tartiib tartiib ah oo xaabo ah oo gubasho ah. Cunto makiinada, sida caadiga ah, waxay leedahay meel loogu talagalay ka ilaalinaya furitaanka aan tooska ahayn.
Foormaarka la'aanta noocan ahi waa qaboojin dhakhso ah ka dib gubashada xaabada. Laakiin haddii aad foornada ku dhejiso leben, waxay noqon doontaa mid aad u dheer inaad kululaato, oo aad u kululaato qolka ayaa aad uga dhakhso badan kan caadiga ah. Soo degida lecace-ka foornada, ha kicin qaboojiyaha hawada ee shirkadda, iska hubi inaad uga tagtid iyaga oo furan.
Foornooyinka qaar, ku-saleysan kuleylka kuleylka lagu dhisay ayaa la bixiyaa, halka chloride dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah loo isticmaalo, kaas oo awoodda kuleylka ah ee 2.5 jeer ay ka sarreeyaan lebenkiiba. Qiimaha foornooyinka noocan oo kale ah waxay is bedbeddelayaan250 to500dollar iyadoo kuxiran kakanaanta qaabeynta iyo cabirka, sidaa darteedna mugga kuleylka ah. Oo ay kujirto tusaale "careysiyo casri ah" Waxaad soo saari kartaa foornada dagaalka, oo lagu soo saari karo shatiga Kanada, anagaga "anaga" iyo "Buzz". Tan dambe, dhammaan mudnaanta kale, waxaa sidoo kale lagu qalabeeyay foornada bir-bir ah oo leh laba gubin.
Meelaha dabka lagu shito
Quluubada dabka lagu daadgulo, oo xataa ka soo firidhsan, oo isaga ka imanaya, oo ka imanaya diirimaad jilicsan, oo waxay abuurtaa raaxo iyo xasillooni.
Meelaha dabka lagu shito waa mid baahsan Yurub oo dhan, laakiin taariikh ahaan ugu caansan England, France, Jarmalka iyo waddamada Scandinavian. Wadamadan, qabow ku filan, iyo dalka Iswiidan iyo Finland iyo Finland waa kuwa si fudud jiilaalka, goobta dabka lagu ridayo oo aan weli ahayn uun qurxin, laakiin aalad kululeyn daran. Xaaladda Talyaaniga, Spain iyo dalal kale oo diiran, halkaas oo dabka dabka ah uu yahay faahfaahin qurxin oo ku saabsan gudaha iyo astaanta raaxada. Waqti hore, waxaa la sii kordhinayaa qaybinta meelaha dabka lagu shito ee Ruushka. In badan oo shirkado badan ayaa soo muuqday oo ka dhigaya meelaha dabka lagu daadanayo inay dalbadaan, iyo intaa dheer, England, Spain, Finland, Finland, Finland, Finland, Finland, waxay u carartay suuqa Ruushka. Isla suuqa waa shirkadaha Faransiiska iyo Finnishka.
Waa fikirka ah in meesha dabka lagu daadado uu qaali yahay oo aan la arki karin, sidaa darteed, taas oo ah mowduuca wax qaali ah. Laakiin maahan gabi ahaanba. Qiimaha qiimaha loogu talagalay meelaha dab-damiska casriga ahi waxay u dhexeeyaan 650-700 doolar tusaalaha ugu fudud ee kumanaan kun oo doolar. Qiimaha dab-damiska wuxuu kuxiran yahay kakanaanta qaabeynta, maaddada wajiga la isticmaalo iyo farshaxanimada dhammaadka.
Goobta dabka casriga ah, waad ku mahadsan tahay isticmaalka hagaajinta kala duwan, waxay leedahay wax qabad aad u weyn oo ka badan kuwii ka horreeyay. Haddii hufnaanta goobta dab-damiska caadiga ahi ay isbeddelayso 5 ilaa 20%, markaa hufnaanta hufnaanta meelaha dabka casriga ah ee dabka lagu xiro ayaa gaaraya 75%.
Xarumaha laga soo saaray dalal kala duwan oo shirkaduhu waxay leeyihiin dhowr astaamood oo astaamo ah. Qalabka dabka wanali, alwaax bir ah, albaabada kahortaga ee ka samaysan muraayadaha dib-u-noolaynta looma isticmaalo naqshadooda. Waxqabadka goobta dabka lagu shito, dabcan, waa mid hoose, laakiin waxaa mahad leh dabka furan, qolka si dhakhso ah ayaa loo qalajiyaa oo kululaaday.
Inta badan meelaha dabka lagu shito ayaa wali leh foornooyin xiran, halka muraayadaha kala-baxa quraaradaha ah ee kala-goysyada la isticmaalo, kuwaas oo si fiican loo seegay. Albaabka Quartz waxaa soo bandhigaysa meelaha dabka lagu shito, sidaa darteed waxay abuurtaa dareen dhammaystiran oo dab furan.
Soosaarayaasha hogaamiyayaashu waxay soo saareen xoojinta kala duwan ee meelaha dabka casriga ah. Tusaale ahaan, goobta dabka caadiga ah, hawada gubashada ayaa si toos ah u xidhan qolka kuleylka iyo ololka wanaagsan, meesha dabka lagu shito, ilaa 300m3 hawada saacaddii. Hawada diiran ee ka timid qolka ayaa gala tuubbada waxaana lagu beddelaa noocyo kala duwan oo nusqaamo ah iyo godad hawo-mareenka qabow, inta qolka ku jira waxaa jira qoraalo. Naqshadeeyayaasha shirkadda iswiidhishka ee Keddy waxay soo saartay meel dabka lagu kaxeeyey oo hawadu ka soo baxdo qolka kuleylka kuleylka ka hor intaanay qolka galin ka hor. Isla mar ahaantaana, qabyada ayaa gebi ahaanba la waayey, qolka kuleylka kulul si dhakhso leh ayaa loo kululeeyaa, booska dhulka hoostiisa ah ayaa hawo qaboojiya oo qalalan.
Shirkadda reer Talyaani Palazzetti LESES.P.A waxay bixisaa naqshad aad u xiiso badan oo goobta dabka lagu ridayo ee dabka ka soo baxa gaas danta daadadku. Isla mar ahaantaana, "nadiifinta qiiqa" ee ka socda kaarboon monoksaydhka (CO) ayaa dhaca oo wareejinta kuleylka dab-damiska dabka ayaa sii kordhaya.
Loogu talagalay suuxdinta dabka dabka ee Faransiiska ee Philippe, Godin, supra waxaa lagu gartaa qurxinta qurxinta qurxinta, khaanadaha dabka dabka ee quruxda badan iyo wareejinta kuleylka sare. Meelaha shidan ee shirkadda Jarmalka Hark waxay leedahay naqshad adag, laakiin joogitaanka walxaha asalka ah, sida albaabka dabka ee Duglanny ee taxanaha geeska ee taxanaha Kexelkam iyo qurxinta kafateeriyada, oo ay la socdaan 85% - ka dhig kuwo aad u soo jiidasho leh.
Shirkadaha finnishka ee Telikivi, Kastor iyo Harvia waxay ku tartamayaan meel gaar ah suuqa dabka. Tulikivi, oo leh dhirta aan ku jirin oo keliya Finland, laakiin sidoo kale gudaha Mareykanka, waxaa lagu yaqaanaa isticmaalka shaashadda Talcloride, oo inta badan lagu tilmaamo dhagxaanta sabuus ah oo aan horay u soo sheegnay, ka hadlaya foornooyinka. Qoraalkani wuxuu leeyahay fal-gal heersare aad u sarreeya iyo awood kuleyl, si ay si dhakhso leh u diirnaadaan oo kuleylka ku sii wado (kululeeya kuleyl aad u badan oo ay ka badbaadiso kuleylka badan 2.5 jeer ka badan meesha dabka la mid ah). Qalabka dabka lagu shito ee tulikivi waxay leeyihiin kuleyl aad u sarreeya, oo aan caadi ahayn, laakiin isla waqtigaas qaali ah. Ka fogow meelaha dabka dabka ka soo baxa ee Kastor iyo shirkadaha Harvia waa mid waara, la isku halleyn karo, dhaqaale, xarrago, inta badan kiisaska uma baahna aasaas gaar ah, iyo rakhiis. Kuleylka kuleylka dabka ee meesha lagu dabciyo ee 5-6 KW ayaa ku kici doona qiyaastii $ 650-750. Avteda uma baahna shaqo rakibaadda gabi ahaanba waana lagu rakibi karaa meel kasta. Hagaag, dabcan, safkan, suurtagal maahan in la xuso taxanaha tubooyinka shilalka gudaha "Don", "Volga" iyo "Lena". Waxaa sidoo kale si fudud loogu rakibi karaa meel ku habboon, oo leh daaqad indha indheyn ah oo ka socota muraayadda ugu adkaysata kuleylka iyo awood kuleylka aad u wanaagsan - 7kw.
Noocyada gasta ee meelaha dabka dabka lagu shito ayaa si isa soo taraysa ugu caansan Yurub. Dhowr shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah, sida Boley (Holland), Goling, Franco Belge (France) wuxuu bixiyaa aalado badan oo kala duwan oo ka shaqeeya gaaska ugu weyn iyo buufiska labadaba.
Hab kale oo la yaqaan oo kuleyl ah ayaa ah isticmaalka kuleyliyaha kala duwan ee korantada. Laakiin tan, xaaladaha badankood, iyadoon loo eegayn nooca aaladda la isticmaalay (hiitarka hiitarka saliida, electroconvecters, iwm.), Waa qaali. Hadda waxaa jiray dhowr kuleyliyeyaal koronto casri ah oo dhaliyadeed, laakiin weli, si dhib yar looma tixgelin karo inay tahay kuleylka ugu weyn ee kuleylka.
Kuleylka kuleylka
Habka ugu macquulsan ee kululaynta guriga shaqsiyeed ee xaaladahayaga, badiyaa aad u qabow aad iyo aad u qabow oo qaboojiyeyaal aad u dheer ayaa ah isticmaalka kuleylka kuleylka. Hadda waxaa jira wax soo saarka in ka badan 45 quudiye kululayaasha kuleylka ugu yaraan 15tran ee suuqa Ruushka. Qalab kala duwan oo isku mid ah waa wax weyn. Haddii aad tixgeliso in shirkad walba ay bixiso 15-20 moodel oo kuleylka kuleylka ah, ka dib iibsaduhu wuxuu helaa howsha ugu adag ee doorashada saxda ah. Taasi waa, ka tarjumeysa doorashada kululaynta kuleylka, waa inaad marka hore go'aansato mid ka mid ah soo-saareyaasha soo-saareyaasha aad doorbideyso iyo waxa shidaalka (xaabada, dabka, gaaska, shidaalka, dabka, isku-darka, isku-darka) ayaa shaqeyn doona kuleylkaaga. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si dhakhso ah loo go'aamiyo bal inuu noqon doono kuleylka kuleylka ah ee qaabkiisa saafiga ah, ama aad rabto inaad isku mid tahay naftaada iyo biyo kulul. Haddii aad ku qanacsan tahay ikhtiyaarka labaad, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad doorato kuleylka kuleylka kuleylka ah.
Midda ugu horeeya, dabiiciga ah, kuleylka ayaa ka soo muuqday xaabo iyo dhuxul (weli ku jira XIXFVK) iyo qiyaastii 50-Hodges oo ah 50-Hodges ee qarnigeena, ma aysan aqoonin kuwa xafiiltamaya. Laakiin markaa waxay bilaabeen inay si tartiib tartiib ah ugu barato farsamooyin badan oo horumar leh, maxaa yeelay way adag tahay in gacanta lagu tumo, iyo in la hubiyo in nadaafadda casriga ah ee dadka ku sugan shidaalka adag ay adag tahay. Dabcan, asalka, electrocots waxay u muuqdaan kuwo soo jiidasho leh. Kiiskan uma baahna nidaam shidaal iyo nidaamyo hawada, qiiqa qiiqa uma baahna, laakiin dhiig-miirashada kuleylka noocaas ah waa kan ugu qaalisan. Tusaale ahaan, gobolka dhexe, waa ku dhawaad 1.5-2 jeer ka qaalisan kuwa ka badan shidaalka - 8-10 jeer ka qaalisan hawlgalka gaaska.
Waa maxay Electrocotels? Iyaga, sida caadiga ah, waxay leeyihiin meel derbiga lagu dhajiyo oo ay yihiin taanjirta kuleylka kuleylka ah ee ka samaysan birta dhumucda biyo leh noocyo kuleyl badan oo lagu dhisan yahay oo toos loo dhigo oo dib u rogaya. Heerkulka ugu badan ee biyaha waa 90-100, cadaadiska shaqada ee 3aad ee xisbiga ah, kaasoo u saamaxaya isticmaalka dhammaan hiitarka kuleylka jira. Dhammaan elektrokecepyadu waxay ku qalabeysan yihiin bambooyinka wareegga ee nidaamka kuleylka. Xeerarka noocan oo kale ah waxay leeyihiin dhowr nidaam oo ilaalin ah (oo ku beddelata cadaadiska biyaha, saadaalinta amniga ee cadaadiska, heerkulka badbaadada) iyo hagaajinta korantada, taas oo suurta gal ah in si weyn loo badbaadiyo korantada. Sidaas darteed, 1997, qaybta wiilasha korantada ee guryaha cusub iyo guryaha lagu ciyaaro ee gobolka Moscow wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii 10%. Swabku waxaa lagu siiyaa kaliya moobayl ka mid ah qaddarka aad u badan ee kuleylka kuleylka ah ee korantada.
| Mark Kotla | Awoodda, KW / korantada, gudaha | Aag kulul, m2 | Qiimaha, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roca (Spain) | |||
| CML-10 | 10/220 (380) | Ilaa 100. | 1350. |
| Cml-15 | 15/220 (380) | Illaa 150. | 1600. |
| ACV (Beljamka) | |||
| ET-9. | 5.5-8.4 / 220 (380) | Illaa 80. | 1150. |
| ET-15. | 7.2-14.4 / 220 (380) | Illaa 130. | 1300. |
| Et-24. | 16.8-24 / 220 (380) | Illaa 220. | 1600. |
| Bosch (Jarmalka) | |||
| Gwr 5/15 | 5-15 / 380. | 150. | 1700. |
| Gwr 16/30 | 16.6-30.0 / 380. | 300. | 2200. |
| Diirimaad-elko | |||
| Elko-6. | 6/220 | 150. | 450. |
| Elko-8. | 8/380 | 200. | 540. |
| Elko-12. | 12/380 | 300. | 800. |
| CTC Elkassett (Sweden) | 12/380 | 120. | |
| Va (Russia) | |||
| Weo-4. | 4/220 | Illaa 50 | 220. |
| Veo-9. | 9/380 | Ilaa 100. | 250. |
| Weo-15. | 15/380 | Illaa 150. | 190. |
| Rusnit-224 (Russia) | 24/380 | Ilaa 240. | 1100. |
Jawaabta ugu caansan, dabcan, waa kuleylka kuleylka gaaska.
Gudaha xaafadaha ayaa doorbidaya qiyaastii 50% milkiilayaasha guryaha. Tan waxaa lagu sharixi karaa qiimaha gaaska ee hooseysa, shabakad cadaalad ah oo dhuuban dhuumaha gaaska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, maahan degsiimooyinka oo dhan gaas, laakiin xaaladaha qaarkood, xitaa meesha ay tahay, gaar ahaan jiilaalka, gaar ahaan jiilaalka, kaas oo horseeda xiritaanka xasaasiga ah ee kululeeya, maadaama inta badan loogu talagalay Cadaadiska gaaska in ka badan 180mm oo biyaha ah.
Ku hadlida aasaasiga ah, gaaska kuleylka kulul ayaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn oo ku kala duwan habka rakibaadda (dabaqa iyo gidaarka lagu dhejiyo) iyo nooc ka mid ah qolka gubashada (xardhan). Gaas kululayaasha kuleylka leh ee leh kamarad furan ayaa ah rakibaadda loo isticmaalo gubashada hawada ee qolka ay kululeeyaan oo ay ku jiraan waxyaabaha lagu kariyo iyo waxyaabaha gubashada lagu qaado. Tani waa naqshad ka fudud oo ka badan kuwa kuleylka leh oo leh qol guban oo xirmay. Xaaladda ugu dambaysa ee qolka gubashada gabi ahaanba waa laga soocay guriga. Bixinta hawada waxaa lagu sameeyaa banaanka dibadda ah. Alaabada gubashada sidoo kale waa wax soo saar. Qalabkaan waxaa lagu sameeyaa soosaar dabiici ah ama hawo qasab ah. Iibsashada kuleylka kuleylka gaaska waa inuu fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaa nidaamyada amniga ee lagu bixiyo, taas oo si otomaatig ah u daminaysa rakibidda inta lagu gudajiro guuldaradii. Buugaagta waxaa ka mid ah: Nidaamka xakamaynta ololka ee gubashada shidaalka, aalad lagu xakameynayo ka saarida alaabada isku-dhafka ah (aaladda laga ilaaliyo nidaamka kuleylka) in lagululaado iyo joojinta wareejinta biyaha, xakamaynta tooska ah ee biyaha. Cadaadiska gaaska ayaa hoos udhaca xadka go'an. Aad ayey muhiim u tahay in la hagaajiyo heerkulka nidaamka kuleylka. Iyo, xulashada kuleylka kuleylka gaaska, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo jiritaanka kuleylka kuleylka ama kuleylka lagu dhex galay. Qalabka noocan oo kale ah wuxuu ku kacayaa xoogaa qaali ah, laakiin isla mar ahaantaana dhibaatada biyaha kulul ee guriga ayaa la xallin doonaa. Xulashada gaaska kuleylka kulul waa mid aad u weyn, sidaa darteed qaar ka mid ah ayaa miiska ku jira. Shaybaarka waxaa lagu sameeyay iyada oo lagu saleynayo habka rakibaadda iyo aagga kuleylka - ilaa 300-350m2. Inne, la yaab, in aysan jirin wax soosaarayaal badan oo waaweyn oo ah qalab kuleyl. Tan waxaa u sabab ah xaqiiqda ah in shirkado badan loo beddelay sii deynta kuleylka kuleylka ee ka shaqeeya dhowr nooc oo shidaal ah. Kuwaas oo kale ah ayaa ka helay magaca isku darka.
| Mark Kotla | Awoodda kuleylka, KW | Aag kulul, m2 | Dusha | Mugga Boyler, l | Hufnaanta,% | Miisaan, kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariston. | ||||||
| Jumat 27RI. | 27.4 | 280. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | - |
| Jumatomatka 27bi. | 27.4 | 280. | 2. | konton | 92. | - |
| Aasaasiga 23 m | 22.3. | 200. | hal / kow | maya | 90. | - |
| 27 Mashri r | 25.9 | 250. | hal / kow | maya | 90. | - |
| BEMERA. | ||||||
| Daqiiqad 20/20. | 26.7 | 250. | 2. | - | 93. | 93. |
| Goricaria Go 3 (bir bir ah) | 21.6 | 180. | 12) (#) | (100) | 93. | 113. |
| Tag 4 (IRON PON) | 33.5 | 300. | 12) (#) | (100) | 93. | 153. |
| Udine Ud 3 (bir-bir ah) | 21.6 | 180. | 12) (#) | (100) | 93. | 128. |
| UD 4 (bir-bir ah) | 33.5 | 320. | 12) (#) | (100) | 93. | 164. |
| Raaxada AP / N27 | 26.5 | 250. | 2. | 120. | 93. | 235. |
| Buss. | ||||||
| G124x. | 9/13/16 | 100/130/160 | 2. | 135. | 92. | - |
| 20/24 | 200/240 | 2. | 160. | 92. | - | |
| 28/32 | 280/320 | 2. | 200. | 92. | - | |
| Ferolli. Nasashada birta | ||||||
| Rendimax 16. | 11-18. | 170. | hal / kow | maya | 90. | - |
| Rendimax 23. | 16-25 | 240. | hal / kow | maya | 90. | - |
| Tantaqua 21/4 | 18-27 | 250. | 2. | 90. | 90. | - |
| Kyunngdong wax lagu milmo. | ||||||
| KDB150 GA. | 17,4. | 150. | 2. | soddon | 93. | 80. |
| KDB200 GA. | 23,2 | 200. | 2. | 40. | 93. | 80. |
| KDB300 GA. | 34.8. | 300. | 2. | 47. | 93. | 120. |
| Maprothetrm | ||||||
| Mga8. | 8,1 | 80. | hal / kow | maya | 93. | 109. |
| Mga16. | 15.5 | 150. | hal / kow | maya | 93. | 128. |
| Mga20. | 20.8. | 200. | hal / kow | maya | 93. | 151. |
| Mga31 | 30.7 | 300. | hal / kow | maya | 93. | 180. |
| Nestor Martin. | ||||||
| NM 45/3. | labaatan | 100-200. | hal / kow | maya | 93. | 134. |
| Nm H45 / 3 | labaatan | 100-200. | 2. | 78. | 93. | 180. |
| NM 45/4. | 28. | 200-300 | hal / kow | maya | 93. | 161. |
| Nm h45 / 4 | 28. | 200-300 | 2. | 78. | 93. | 207. |
| Badda. | ||||||
| Slim 14pvi. | lix iyo toban | 160. | hal / kow | maya | - | 93. |
| Slim 20n. | 23-26. | 250. | hal / kow | maya | - | 108. |
| Darastersan | ||||||
| 20Plo / Klo. | 10-18. | 180. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | 90. |
| 30Plo / Klo. | 15-28. | 280. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | 110. |
| Shahba. | ||||||
| MC-24 (EGO1B50R15) | 31-37 | GT; 300. | 2. | - | 93. | 236. |
| Tedenyne Lass. | ||||||
| MCS 125N. | soddon | 300. | 2. | 120. | 83. | 152. |
| Yeey. Nasashada birta | ||||||
| Ng-2eb 17/155 (a) | 14-19 | 180. | 7.8. | 155. | 90. | 186. |
| 23/155 (a) | 19-25 | 240. | 9.8. | 155. | 90. | 209. |
| 29/200 (a) | 25-32. | 300. | 11.8. | 200. | 90. | 252. |
| () Ku dhameystir "kalkaaliye" ROVIGO ", oo lagu rakibay jirka ku xiga. |
Qiimaha lagu soo dejiyo gaaska kuleylka kulul ee kuleylka kuleylka, waxay kuxirantahay awoodda iyo jiritaanka kuleylka, is bedbeddela 2,000 ilaa 3500dollar. Nidaamyada guryaha ee laga bilaabo 2400 ilaa 1500dollar.
Badanaa nooca ugu habboon ee kuleylka kuleylka ayaa ah isticmaalka dareeraha dareeraha kuleylka kuleylka, inta badan ka shaqeeya shidaalka naaftada. Soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn ee qalabka noocaas ah waa Jarmalka, Italy, South Korea iyo Czech Republic. Laakiin halkan sidoo kale leh dhibaatooyin u gaar ah. Rakibaadda kululaashada shidaalka-kareemka ah ayaa ah waqtigii ugu badan qaadashada iyo, si waafaqsan, qaali. Si aad u keydiso shidaalka xilliga oo dhan, waa inaad ku dhex dhejisaa dhulka meel u dhow weelka guriga si aad u yeelato dhowr ton oo shidaal naaftada ah oo ku rakib shaashadda shidaalka ee nadiifinta shidaalka. Haddii cufnaanta aan la nadiifin, ka dibna ku sameeya xanuunka gubashada, kaas oo lagu duro mudista shidaalka, si dhakhso leh u xirxiran, kuleylku wuxuu bilaabmayaa inuu sigaar cabbo oo hufnaanta uu u dhacayo. Qalliinka kuleylka naasaha kulul ma ahan wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan lahayn koronto - kani waa daminta iyo nidaamyada kontoroolka iyo bamka oo shidaalka ka soo beddelaya taangiga, sidaa darteed meelaha aan caadi ahayn, waa inay heshaa matoor keli ah. Korontada, oo aan horeyba ugu soo qorey maqaalka "Baahida guryuhu ma leeyihiin saldhig awood u leh?". In kasta oo ay taasi jirto, kuleylka dareeraha dareeraha ah ee kuleylka ah ayaa sii kordhaya. Qiimaha kuleylka kuleylka ee ku jira kuleylka naaftada shidaalka naaftada ayaa is bedbeddelaya ee kala duwan ee OTK2000 ilaa 4000dolls.
| Mark Kotla | Awoodda kuleylka, KW | Aag kulul, m2 | Dusha | Mugga Boyler, l | Hufnaanta,% | Miisaan, kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kyunngdong wax lagululeeyo (South Korea) | ||||||
| FA-ga Kdb130 FA. | 15,1 | 130. | 2. | soddon | 93. | 80. |
| FA-ga Kdb172 FA. | 19,7 | 170. | 2. | soddon | 93. | 80. |
| KDB250 FA. | 29. | 260. | 2. | 47. | 93. | 90. |
| ABC (South Korea) | ||||||
| Ab-09. | 10 | 100 | hal / kow | maya | 87. | - |
| Ab-11. | 13 | 120. | hal / kow | maya | 87. | - |
| AB-13. | shan iyo toban | 150. | hal / kow | maya | 87. | - |
| AB-20. | 23. | 230. | hal / kow | maya | 87. | - |
| Budes (Jarmalka) | ||||||
| G115U re | 17. | 170. | 2. | 135. | 94. | 175. |
| 21. | 210. | 2. | 160. | 94. | 175. | |
| 28. | 280. | 2. | 200. | 94. | 178. | |
| Riiello (Jarmalka) | ||||||
| Luzet Blu Cutub 18 | 17-18. | 180. | hal / kow | maya | 94.5 | 190. |
| Cutub 24. | 18-24. | 240. | hal / kow | maya | 94.5 | 190. |
| Badweynta (Talyaaniga) | ||||||
| Myra23. | 23-26. | 250. | hal / kow | maya | - | - |
| Pr Prmeesterm (Czech Republic iyo Slovakia) | ||||||
| 18Nl | siddeed iyo toban | 180. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | 116. |
| 24nl | 24. | 240. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | 143. |
Isku darka kuleylka kuleylka ah ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu waafajiyaa si ay uga shaqeeyaan gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah ama canugga ku jira ee hoos yimaada cadaadiska hoostiisa iyo, iyadoo la adeegsanayo wax qabad gaar ah, shidaalka naaftada ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, haddii la adeegsanayo shidaalka naaftada, kuleylka waxaa lagu qalabeeyaa bambooyin gaar ah oo laga qaado shidaalka si qoto dheer oo ah ilaa saddex mitir. Waxa xiisaha lihi, kuleylka kuleylka waxaa laga sameyn karaa bir, ka dibna heerkulka ugu yar ee habka shaqada waa 50c, ama kuleylka caynkan ah, iyo kuleylka noocaas ah heerkulka ugu yar waa 30c. Qiimaha isku-darka isku-darka ah ee ka shaqeeya naaftada iyo gaaska, isbeddelada inta u dhexeysa 3500-4500 oo doolar.
| Mark Kotla | Awoodda kuleylka, KW | Aag kulul, m2 | Dusha | Mugga Boyler, l | Hufnaanta,% | Miisaan, kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACV (Beljamka) | ||||||
| Delta F25hr. | soddon | 100-250 | 2. | 75. | 93. | 157. |
| Kuleylka Master HM45 | 55. | 300-500 | 2. | 180. | 93. | 220. |
| Olymp (Austria) | ||||||
| Oh25 | 14-25 | Illaa 230. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | 132. |
| Roca (Spain) | ||||||
| P-30-5 | 29,1 | 210. | hal / kow | maya | 84. | 208. |
| P-30-6 | 34.9 | 249. | hal / kow | maya | 84. | 240. |
| NGO 50/20. | 17.4-2 | 145. | hal / kow | maya | 90,1 | 125. |
| NGO 50/35 | 129-37 | 260. | hal / kow | maya | 90.8. | 179. |
| Ferralo (Talyaanigu) | ||||||
| Gn1.02 (bir tuub) | 17.4-23 | 210. | hal / kow | maya | 90. | 75. |
| GN1K.03 (IRON) | 31,4. | 300. | kow iyo toban | 90. | 91. | 140. |
| Bosch (Jarmalka) | ||||||
| Megalite 25C. | 18-25 | 250. | hal / kow | maya | - | 147. |
| Megalite 25s. | 18-25 | 250. | 2. | 100 | - | 193. |
| Tl35s. | 18-35 | 350. | 2. | 100 | - | 180. |
| Vaulant (Jarmalka) | ||||||
| VKO22 (IRON) | 16-22. | 220. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | 178. |
| Vko27 (bir adag) | 22-27 | 270. | hal / kow | maya | 92. | 183. |
| Viesmann (Jarmalka) | ||||||
| Ravolla-comfroral. | 15, 18, 22, 27 | 100-240. | hal / kow | Maya | ||
| Youtfocell-comfroral. | 15, 18, 22, 27 | 100-200. | 2. | 130/160 | ||
| Ecoflam (Talyaani) | ||||||
| Serena 1. | 12-23. | 200. | 2. | 65. | 90.5 | 144. |
| Serena 2. | 15-29. | 280. | 2. | 85. | 90.5 | 144. |
Waxaa sii kordhaya, ka mid ah kuleylka kuleylka kuleylka ah, waxaad ka heli kartaa rakibaadda ka shaqeynta saddex nooc oo shidaal ah, oo ay kujirto adag. Xaaladdan oo kale, xirmada isha waxaa ku jira kuleylka kuleylka biyaha kululaynta ee shidaalka adag ee shidaalka adag ee loo isticmaalo gaaska ama shidaalka naaftada loo geysto. Qaabka xiisaha leh ee kuleylka kuleylka ee isku-darka kuleylka ayaa bixiya Bosh. Moodeelka polyflam wuxuu leeyahay laba gole oo isku-dhafan oo gooni ah: mid loogu talagalay shidaalka adag, kan kalena waa shidaal gaas iyo naaftada. Shirkadaha qaar waxay bixiyaan dhir ka shaqeysa gaaska, naaftada (kerosene) iyo koronto. Hagaag, rakibo aad u yaab badan ayaa soo saarta shirkadda iswiidhishka ee STS. Tani waa wax is haysta stsv25FG, oo ka shaqeysa dhammaan noocyada shidaalka ee suurtagalka ah: Coke, dhuxusha, xaabada, qorraxda, gaaska, korantada, korantada. Kuleylkan wuxuu ku qalabaysan yahay foorno bir bir ah oo leh qoto dheer oo ah 50cm, waxay leedahay kuleylka coper-peper-ka leh ee ku jira birta daboolaysa boqolkiiba 115l iyo aaladda korantada ee leh awoodda 6kw.
Waa wax aad u yar in la helo iibsashada kuleylka kuleylka ka shaqeeya shidaalka adag. Isla mar ahaantaana, badankood waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo dhuxul dhagax ama bunni ah. Kuleyliyeyaasha xaabada ayaa si ficil ah loo helin. Qalliinkooda waxay u baahan tahay joogitaan joogto ah oo qof, sidaa darteed, in kasta oo ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in qiimaha kuleylka kilowatt uu aad u yar yahay, ma helaan isticmaal baahsan. Ku darista tusaalaha aaladda noocaas ah, waxaad u soo qaadan kartaa alwaax kuleylka kuleylka ah ee Longuro. Waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa foornada oo ay ku jiraan laambadaha illaa 50 cm dherer ah, ay leeyihiin awood kuleyl 20 iyo 30kvt, hufnaan leh culeys buuxa oo ka badan 80%, qiiqa qiiqa ayaa loo qalabeeyay si loo wanaajiyo xajinta. Si loo kordhiyo xasilloonida nidaamka kuleylka, waxaa lagu talinayaa in lagu rakibo rakibaadda baytariyada biyo-baxa ee leh awooda 600 ama 900 litir.
Iyo gabagabada, mar labaad waxaan xasuustaa in aan ku koobnay tixgelinta nidaamyada kuleylka ee kululaynta aagga kululaynta 300-350m2, si dib-u-soo-saarkan aan ku jirin soo-saareyaasha soo-saareyaal badan oo leh awood aad u badan oo ka badan kan ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah kuleylka cabirka badbaadada dhexdhexaadka ah.