Entwasahlobo nokuwa sekwephuzile, kanye nangemva kwemvula enkulu yasehlobo, amakamelo amaningi ayagcwala. Ngasikhathi sinye, utshani, imibhede yezimbali, amathrekhi nezisekelo zezakhiwo zihlupheka. Uhlelo lokudonsa komhlaba luzosiza ukuxazulula inkinga.
Isithombe: I-Legion-Media. Izici eziphambili zohlelo lokudonsa amanzi ngamathile avaliwe ngama-grate. Zibekwe emgqeni emaphethelweni noma ngaphansi) ngaphesheya kwezindawo eziphansi kanye nezindawo eziphansi lapho umswakama uqongelela khona. Imvamisa abaklami bendawo basebenzisa lezi ziteshi njengohlobo lokuhlobisa, ukuhlukanisa ngokubonakalayo ngezindawo zabo ezisebenzayo
Isithombe: I-Legion-Media. Amabhodlela e-Metal kanye nepulasitiki ahlelwe ngezikulufo zensimbi ezingagqwali nezikulufa kanye namabakaki akhethekile
Ukudonsa komhlaba kuhlelwe eceleni kokudideka, amathrekhi, ukungenela, kumasayithi wamandla angaphandle (ngokuzilibazisa, izindawo zokupaka izimoto), futhi ngezikhathi ezithile nasemgwaqweni. Uhlelo luqukethe iziteshi ezingajulile, lapho amanzi ageleza khona ezihlathini, bese esuswa ngamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba ukuze uthole impumuzo encishisiwe, emgodini womgwaqo noma ukudonsa kahle. Inethiwekhi enjalo isiza ukuqeda i-puddle ngemuva kwezimvula futhi yehlise kancane kancane izinga lamanzi enhlabathi bese linciphisa i-frosty i-naroch inhlabathi.
Isithombe: I-Legion-Media. Ama-Intronices I-Iron ngeke afakwe kumathileyi: aphethwe endaweni ngenxa yokunemba kwesisindo esifanelekayo nesibonakalayo
Okokuqala - izibalo
Photo: Akvroy. Emikhondweni yezomthetho nasezindebeni zabahamba ngezinyawo kukhona amathreyi afanele ngama-lattices epulasitiki angu-A15
Ngaphambi kokufaka uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi, kuyadingeka ukuchaza indawo yendawo futhi uthuthukise uhlelo olunemininingwane lapho kutholakale khona indawo yama-tray, ama-sandwalkers namapayipi angaphansi komhlaba. Lapho ukhetha izigaba zezakhi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukubalwa kwe-hydraulic, kucatshangelwa inani lemvula, ubude kanye nokuthambeka kweziteshi. Ukubalwa okunjalo kungafeza ochwepheshe abavela ezinkampanini ezinikela ngezingxenye zezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi (izindleko zensizakalo - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi). Kunengqondo ukuthi ubeke okungenani ama-30% kuphrojekthi kwi-bandwidth - khona-ke uhlelo luzokwazi ukubhekana nezimvula eziqinile futhi luzovalwa.
Emhlabathini obunjiwe kungcono ukukwenza ngaphandle kwezihlabathi: Lezi zinto ezinkulu zizocishe zihambisane nezinto zokuhlela, futhi isisekelo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kubo futhi sibizi. Kulula ukunamathisela amapayipi ngqo kumathreyi futhi enze isibuyekezo sohlelo kaningi.
Ngaphansi kokuphuma kophahla udoti, kanye nakulezo zindawo lapho, ngenxa yezici zosizo, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi kwendawo kungenzeka, abafuna imvula kufanele babekwe - iziqukathi ezincane eziqoqiwe, lapho kuvela khona amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba.
Kufanelekile ukonga?
Lapho idivaysi yokudonsa komhlaba eqondile, ama-dacms amaningi afuna ukwenza ngaphandle kwezinto ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwama-20-30 cm ngokujula okungu-20-30 cm futhi uwagcwalise ngamatshe. Noma faka enhlabathini yakudala ye-asbestos-cement noma imisele eshibhile yophahla kusuka ku-PVC noma ngensimbi ye-galvanized, futhi esikhundleni sabantu abafuna imvula, kusetshenziswa imigqomo engafanele. Kodwa-ke, ukudonsa kwamatshe amatshe amatshe kunamathela futhi kuvinjelwe ukusebenza, futhi kuthambekela ngaphandle kokuhlangana nokuhambisa indawo ezungeze indawo, ikhefu futhi ungahlobisi indawo yonke. Ukudonsa kwezinto eziyinhloko kusebenza kahle futhi kudinga ukulungiswa njalo, okusho ukuthi imali ayizitheli.Ipulasitiki noma itshe?
Photo: I-Legion-Media
Uhlelo lokudonsa komhlaba luqukethe amathreyi emboza amathanga, abafuna imvula, ama-sandwickers kanye namapayipi okushukumisa. Imikhiqizo evela kukhonkolo nangepulasitiki yethulwa emakethe. Sho okuhle nokubi kwalabo nabanye.
Izinhlelo zepulasitiki (ikakhulukazi ingcindezi ephansi ye-polyethylene) ithandwa kakhulu. Banesisindo esincane, bengamelana nesithwathwa, bavimbela futhi babalwa futhi babalwe okungenani iminyaka engu-15 yokusebenza. Ngezindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo, imikhiqizo yekilasi le-Class Class A15 izobe ilungele (ngokusho kwe-European Norma En1433), okufakwayo kwezimoto - amakilasi B125 ne-C250. Amathileyi epulasitiki kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi adinga isisekelo esithembekile (i-tape ekhonkolo egcizelelwe), ngaphandle kwawo avele avele kuwo, aqhekeke futhi ahlukane nomthwalo. Intengo yomkhiqizo iqala kusuka kuma-ruble angama-380. Ngo-1 k. m (nge-hydraulic isigaba 100 mm).
Photo: "Hydrostroy". Umdwebo wesiteshi se-Drainage: 1 - Isihlabathi; 2- grade; 3 - Isizinda sikakhonkolo; 4 - ugqoko; I-5 - Grille
Amathileyi avalwa ngama-plastice noma ama-lensimbi. Inketho ephelele iyimbozo yensimbi engagqwali, edlula iminyaka engama-30. I-Gallized ehlala isikhathi eside (iminyaka eyi-10-15), neplastiki, yize ingekho ukugqwala, kepha ayilungele ukufakwa kwezimoto ngisho nasezindaweni ezihamba ngezinyawo kaningi zilimale lapho zihlanza iqhwa neqhwa.
Izinto zikakhonkolo zokukhiqizwa kwefekthri zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Bakhiqizwa nge-vibropressing; Amathilethi aklanyelwe imithwalo ephezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho okuqiniswe ngentambo yensimbi noma yepulasitiki. Isisindo esibalulekile (1 m - ngokwesilinganiso 50-120 kg) isikhathi esifanayo kanye nemininingwane ekhonkolo ekhonkolo: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenza kube nzima ukuyifaka (kaningi kufanele usebenzise inqubo), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlinzeka ngokufanelekile emhlabathini. Amathileyi ukhonkolo ahlanganisiwe, amakhompiyutha okuvalelisa nge-glue usimende noma i-ruble sealant, futhi ivaliwe ngama-lice noma ama-cast-iron lattices; Impilo yensiza yokwakha - okungenani iminyaka engama-50.
Photo: "Aquastok". Ngokuqondene nemigwaqo ne-alley, engadlula ezokuhamba esindayo, khona-ke kungcono ukuthenga imikhiqizo yeklasi C250 noma i-D400
Intengo yezingxenye zokhonkolo ayiphezulu kakhulu (i-hydraulically tray ingu-100 mm kanye nezindleko ezi-1 m ubude cishe ngama-ruble angama-650), kepha kucatshangelwa izindleko zokulethwa kanye nokufakwa kunezikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 eziphakeme kakhulu kunohlelo lwepulasitiki.
Inhlamvu (ukhonkolo kakhonkolo we-polymer) futhi izimvula zikhiqiza kusuka ku-cent-polymer ingxube enama-filler ahlukahlukene (kaningi ngengilazi noma nge-ceramic fiber). Imikhiqizo enjalo ilula ukhonkolo, iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside futhi, yize i-ruble ephakeme (kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1250. Okwe-1 m), bonke ababanzi basebenza ekwakhiweni kwangasese.
Ukudonsa komhlaba akukwazi ukwehlisa kakhulu izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lo mgomo ungaphansi kwezinhlelo ezivela emapayiphu ahlanganisiwe, uqoqa amanzi emthonjeni owemukelayo, lapho umswakama uphulwe khona yipompo ngaphezu kwemikhawulo yensimu ekhishwe
Ngokuqondene nenhlangano yokudonsa komhlaba engaphansi komhlaba, amapayipi wendle avela ku-PVC anobubanzi obungu-100-15 mm alungele le nhloso, ngokukhulu kuka-3 mm obukhulu.
Indawo yokusebenzela ekhuphukayo
Photo: I-Legion-Media
Uhlelo lokudonsa komhlaba lulula kakhulu ukufaka kanyekanye nomsebenzi we-landscape. (Esizeni esihlomile kuzofanela ukucekela phansi ingxenye yendlela yomgwaqo, kuyilapho kungavimbi ukulimala kokufika.) Ukufakwa kuqala ngokumaka. Izinga lokulala leziteshi lisethwe kusetshenziswa umucu oqinile wentambo: amathrekhi adinga ukunikeza umthambeka ka-0.5-1% ekuhlolweni kwemvula. Ngemuva kwalokho imisele iyamba futhi izisekelo zakhiwe. Ezindaweni ezomile endaweni yabahamba ngezinyawo, ungqimba lwesixazululo sikasimende-sandy ngesigqila esingamasentimitha ayi-10. Emhlabathini onobunzima, kanye nokungena komgwaqo, itheyiphu ethembekile iyadingeka - itheyithi ekhonkolo enokuphakama kokhonkolo , kuqiniswe izinduku ezine zensimbi nge-8 mm. Ububanzi besisekelo kunoma yikuphi ukubhekana kufanele kube ngu-5-10 cm wedlula ububanzi be-tray. Lesi sakamuva sicindezelwa ngokhonkolo owuketshezi, ukuxuba ukuze ama-cliapling ridges (noma imicibisholo ohlangothini) aqondiswe ekwehliseni izinga. Qala kulelo tray, elitholakala eduze ezansi kwesiteshi. Amapayipi e-drainage angaphansi komhlaba avinjelwe emikhondweni emcameni wesihlabathi ovumelanayo. Uma kukhona ithuba, kufanele lishiswe ngaphansi kokujula kwe-primer yomhlabathi - khona-ke uhlelo luzosebenza entwasahlobo, okusho ukuthi isiza sizokomisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa.
Photo: Aquastock. Ngibonga abaphangi bokuqina kwamathileyi, amaSandwalker kanye ne-Polyethylene Raids (PND) abakwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo ebalulekile ebonakalayo eyenzeka lapho inhlabathi iqhwa. Futhi izindonga nezinsika zefomu elikhethekile zinikeza ukubamba okuthembekile ngesisekelo sikakhonkolo somsele
Amaphutha wokufaka ajwayelekile afaka ukufaka amathreyi ngaphandle kwesisekelo noma esisekelweni esingathembekile, ngaphandle kwethambeka noma nge-conmoulgulon, kanye nokuxhumeka kwezinto ezintekenteke.
Mahhala
Izinhlelo zanamuhla zePulasitiki zokwenza ukhonkolo nama-polymer azivalekile, njengoba amanzi edonsa kalula ukungcola ngendawo ebushelelezi, futhi ama-lattices abambezele udoti omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, ekwindla, kufanele kususwe ngokucophelela kusuka kuma-cap of the amahlamvu awile, kulandela ukuthi udoti ungawela kanjani emathileyi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukubhala amaSandls ngonyaka futhi kanye njalo ngeminyaka emi-2-3 - lonke uhlelo, kufaka phakathi amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba agezwa ngama-Jets amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvikela ukukhula, ukhunta unengqondo ukucubungula indawo nge-chlorine disinfector noma ithuluzi elivela ku-isikhunta. Iziteshi zikakhonkolo, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezixande, zidinga ukulungiswa okuvame kakhulu: zidinga ukucelwa minyaka yonke, noma kabili ngonyaka - ekwindla nasekwindla sekwephuzile.
Isithombe: I-Legion-Media. Ugqoko lubekwe ukuze leli lahla lingakhuphuki ngaphezu kwezindawo eziseduze, futhi lalitholakala amamitha ambalwa ngezansi
Isithombe: Aco. Imikhiqizo kakhonkolo ye-polymer ingafakelwa ama-latsices wensimbi engagqwali, okwazi ukumelana nesisindo seloli
Photo: "Ipaki Ejwayelekile". Amathileyi epulasitiki avalwa ngama-lattices kusuka ku-material efanayo noma iyiphi yensimbi. Emikhiqizweni yakho yensimbi yokupenda awumi: Ukuhlanganiswa kuzosusa ngokushesha
Isithombe: "Ipaki Ejwayelekile", Aco. Abaqoqi (a) nabafuna imvula (b) bafakwa ekugcineni kweziteshi nangaphansi kophahla udoti. Amathangi aqongelelayo awagcini nje ngokuthi ukungcola kanye nodoti, kepha futhi asiza uhlelo ukuthi lubhekane nemithwalo ephakeme ngesikhathi sokugeza
Photo: "Ipaki Ejwayelekile". Njengamathile, lezi zinto zifakwe izembozo ezisuswayo ezihlinzeka ngokuhlanza okulula