I-Artist Ingilazi ye-Glass Window: Umlando kanye Namasimanje. Assortment yengilazi esetshenzisiwe, ukudala amasu. Okufanele unake, uku-oda iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi.
In the Crench e-monumel kusuka ku-minced ingilazi ngesitayela sanamuhla. Umlobi u-Alexander Feriaev
I-portal ye-glass enamabala enkambeni esonweni. NguNatalia Marydar
Portal enkulu echaziwe eTiffany lwendlela. Ababhali u-Elena Nechiporenka no-Andrey USOLOV
Indawo enhle enjalo ye-panoramic-ingilazi yakhelwe yi-Air Bar of Nina Nikolenko
Iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi ngesithombe esihle somuthi. Umlobi u-Alexander Feriaev
Iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi langaphakathi le-laconic minimalist. NguNatalia Marydar
Ukufakwa okuhle ezintweni zefenisha. I-Ornament yasungulwa futhi yagcwaliswa ngeNatalia Castle
Uchungechunge Lombala we-Windows Glan Glass Windows Natalia Marydar
Ingilazi ene-lina nikolenko ebukeka njenge-minage yombala
"Butterfly" Marina Nine
I-Orchid evela e-wavy ingilazi enombala. Umlobi uMarina Devyatikina
Isikwele ngasinye esinezimbotshana sihlala endaweni yaso ekwakhiweni okuvamile okusobala. Ifenisha, amafomu wokwakha kanye nengilazi enamabala adala eyodwa ephelele
Ngiyawathanda amawindi engilazi anemibala ...U-Ivan Bunin
Ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla, amawindi engilazi anamabala abizwa ngokuthi yi-Great Surce Glazing. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingilazi ebuciko obunamabala, izinhlobonhlobo zakudala zobuciko obukhulu (kanye neFresco neMose), - Imidwebo kusuka ekuletheni ingilazi ekhanyayo yengilazi. Zifakwe ekuvulekeni ngewindows, ziphendukela emaphaneli wokuhlobisa emuva emuva, zifakwe emnyango we-canvases, ama-grell. Amafasitela anezingilazi ezinamabala ahlotshiswe ngamalambu akhanyayo ophahla, amashifu aguqukayo, ama-countertops, namalambu okukhanya, ngoba ingilazi yombala iyaphila kuphela lapho ukukhanya kuzwakala kuphela lapho ukukhanya kuzwakala.
I-vitrum-glass (lat.), Ingilazi yewindi le-vitre (uFr.), IVitrearius-Medieval Igama le-Master's Friendly.
Uku-oda ingilazi enemibala ...
Ingilazi ebibekiwe efana nendaba yobuciko ihlukile, imigwaqo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ikuqina kangakanani nengilazi yalo. Uma wawuhlabe umxhwele ubuhle be-hypnotic bamafasitela ezingilazi ezinamabala futhi wanyakazisa ukuwahlelela ekhaya labo, sikucebisa ukuthi ufunde okungenani eminye imininingwane yokwenziwa kwabo. Lolu lwazi luzokusiza ukuthi uzizwe ucacise umsebenzi wokudala we-glassist enemibala futhi wazi izakhi zamanani entengo. I-AvZaimonIration phakathi kwekhasimende nomculi kuzoletha impumelelo yokugcina yawo wonke amabhizinisi.Abaculi bengilazi banamuhla abanamabala, abafuywayo nakwamanye amazwe, dala imisebenzi yezinga lobuciko obuphakeme kuwo wonke amasu wokucubungula ingilazi. Imakethe yengilazi enamabala yanele. KuseMoscow kuphela ongathola ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili, eSt. Petersburg, cishe ama-workshop amahlanu namafemu anikela ngale mikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi amakhosi amaningi, asebenza ngekhono ngamasu wengilazi enamabala, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye hhayi abaculi abaqeqeshiwe, sakha imikhiqizo yezandla kuphela. Kulokhu, iqiniso lokuthi i-steachedwall kufanele yenzeke njengomsebenzi wobuciko ngokusobala. Uma uqhathanisa amasampula aphezulu wengilazi enamabala (efuywayo nakwamanye amazwe, okungokomlando, okungokomlando kanye nawesimanje) enezinto eziningi ezisanda kudalwa ", ukungapheleli kobuciko kwalokhu okulandelayo kuyamangaza. Njengomthetho, kutholakala umdwebo ongelona ochwepheshe, ukufezeka kwesakhiwo sombala, ukwakheka okubi, umthelela ongemuhle wokuxhumana komkhiqizo ngengaphakathi okuhloswe ngalo. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwemfundo yobuciko, ukuqonda kanye nethalente phakathi kwamakhosi. Abasebenzi, amakhono obuchwepheshe kanye nemali enkulu esetshenziswa ekudaleni okunjalo, nemvume yokusho, ingilazi enamahloni (nabo bonke ukubulawa kwezobuchwepheshe) awekho nje ngeze, kodwa ekulimaleni ubuhle.
Futhi kunalokho, iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi, elenziwe ezingeni eliphezulu lobuciko, alinamahloni okudlulisela kokuzwa okuhle. Amafasitela ezingilazi agxile ancishisiwe azehlela kulolu suku ahlale hhayi kuphela isihloko sokuvuma nokunconywa, kodwa futhi nesikole samathalente anamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfihlo zanqwabelana yinkosi ethile kuyo yonke impilo yokudala, kanye nalezo azifunda kuthisha wakhe, zidluliswa kuphela kubafundi abakhethiwe, abalandela, izingane. Ngoku-oda ingilazi enamabala, ukuxoxa ngemininingwane yakhe nomculi, khumbula ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu wokubuka phakathi kwesikebhe, amakhadibhodi nomphumela wokugcina. Ngisho ne-sketch yombala enemininingwane eminingi futhi enembile kuphela ezintweni ezivame kakhulu ezibhekiswe emcabangweni womsebenzi - isakhiwo, ukwakheka, i-stylist, ukunambitheka okuvamile, ukunambitheka okujwayelekile. Kepha umdwebo awukwazi ukudlulisa umphumela wokugcina futhi akufanele. Umbhali kuphela-ochwepheshe emandleni okubikezela umbono wokuthi iwindi eligcwalisiwe lengilazi elibekwe endaweni elenzelwe yona. Ngakho-ke, into elungile kakhulu izoba, okuye yakuqonda umqondo ojwayelekile womsebenzi, ngokuzayo ukwethemba umbono, intuition, ithalente kanye nesipiliyoni somculi - amabala.
Endulo
Izinsalela zabavubukuli bezingilazi zasendulo ezinamabala abunjiwe e-Afrika cishe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezi-5.5. Ifasitela elidala kakhulu le-European-Glass Windows lembiwe eRoma, iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2. AmaGibhithe asendulo asesebenzise izingcezu zengilazi enemibala, kepha ama-Italiya avale amafasitela okokuqala ngamapuleti e-Alabaster naseSelen. Amapuleti okubukwa lapho imvume yayibonakala umdwebo ocwengekile wezakhiwo. Usuvele uguqule amafasitela, ukuthambisa ukushisa kwelanga laseMedithera, wanikeza ingaphakathi lombala kusihlwa. Vvi Ingilazi enamabala yayithathwa njengengamatshe ayigugu ane-alloy. Amafasitela akhiwe ngalesi sikhathi ethempelini likaSt. Sophia eConstantinople ayesevele enezingilazi ezinamabala ngempela. Ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, izingcweti zaseFrance nezamaJalimane zaqala ukudala amafasitela ezingilazi ezinamabala amathempeli eziza ezisekelweni ezisebhayibhelini nakwezokushumayeza. Ingilazi esetshenziswe ibomvu kuphela, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi engenamibala. Izicucu zalo ezi-curly, eziqoshwe ngokuya ngamaphethini ngokuya ngesikebhe sokuqala, alungiswa phakathi kwemichilo yephrofayili ye-N-Shaped Emingle ekhenge, eyayigobekile kanye ne-contour of nomunye. Le yindlela yasendulo ebizwa kakhulu yengilazi ebiziswe ngakudala.Okuhle kakhulu emhlabeni kungamafasitela e-French acwebezelayo e-Gothic. Ngokuzalwa kwakhe, baphoqelekile ekuklanywe okusha kwamathempeli, ngenxa yokuthi amafasitela amakhulu amaningi avele ezindongeni. Design raisin - I-Gothic Arch Eqinile. Uma ama-vaentars ezinselwa ezindongeni zasendulo zothando ezinama-curvous zothando agcinwa ezindongeni ezincane ngamawindi amancane, khona-ke izintambo zentambo sezisuselwa kuma-countephorts anamandla anamandla asungula ama-arkphorts nama-arkbutan. Lezi zinto zidlula ezindongeni futhi zibukeka njengezinyawo ezigobile zesinambuzane esinzima. Izindonga ziyekile ukuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo, zaminza, bese kuba khona ingilazi nhlobo. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona amafasitela amakhulu e-Gothic Cathedrals aphezulu futhi aphezulu kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, eChartra naseCathedral of the Parisian Mona, eReims Cathedrals, ama-Amiens, Bours). Ekuqaleni, amaWindows amboze kuphela ingaphakathi, futhi-ke, ngokuvela kwamafasitela ezingilazi acwebezelayo abe yizinkolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenkolo, ezepolitiki, ezingokomfanekiso, aqale ukuhlobisa izakhiwo, futhi asebenze njengokukhanyiselwa kanye nemfundo yamalungu esonto. AmaFulentshi awela othandweni nasemafasiteleni amakhulu ayindilinga - "ama-roses" anemibala, kanye "namaLancets" aphezulu alinganayo. Ingilazi ifunde upende odlulayo ngokwedlulele, kufaka phakathi umbala wesiliva oqinile.
Umswakama, ephethwe, ubuhle, muranous ...
Eminye iminyaka eyi-10 eyedlule i-assortment yengilazi esetshenziselwa ingilazi enamabala yayincanyana kakhulu emakethe yethu. Abaculi be-Asomarte sebevele basebenzise izinhlobonhlobo zayo ezinkulu - esobala nombala, ishidi kanye nokubhalwa phansi, ukungasho izindlela zokucubungula - okushisayo, amakhemikhali kanye nemishini. Ingilazi enhle enamabala ingilazi (emhlophe, ephuzi, eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olubomvu, i-orange, "ixhaphozi" isitshalo sengilazi yeChernatinsky). Kukhona futhi ingilazi "egibele" yasekhaya (ephethwe) yazo zonke izithunzi ezingenzeka (ngokwesibonelo, ingilazi kusuka enkampanini "MKS"), okubangela impumuzo, ukusakazeka okukhanyisayo. Imakethe yanamuhla iqukethe ingilazi enemibala enemibala yokukhiqizwa kweJalimane (iSpectrum, Bohle), e-USA (Armstrong), Belgium, Czech Republicic, France. I-Palette yalokhu okuqukethwe yimali enkulu, cishe ama-flowers wezimbali angu-250 ama-Plus atholwa ngokwakhiwa okunemibala eminingi noma inqubo yokushisa. Ingilazi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Gollque esuka eJalimane nase-United States kwavela. Ukuthungwa kwayo nombala kuhlanganiswe ngokucabanga nangobuciko bokuthi sekuvele ngokwako kungasebenza njengento yokwamukelwa kobuhle. I-Glass Glass ebiyelwe ku- $ 400 (1M2).Ingilazi yombala ofanayo ibonwa ngendlela ehlukile, kuya ngokuthi iyisicaba noma ihlanganiswe, inqwaba (6-10mm), mncane (2mm) noma yenziwe ngesimo sezingcezu ezinkulu ezihlanganisiwe. Ngendlela, izingcezu ezinkulu zibuye ziqoqe amafasitela ezingilazi ezibunjiwe, izinto eziqinisa ngephrofayili enamandla. Le ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi ithande imithungo yeBaltic, futhi amakhosi amaningi aseRussia asebenza kuwo, kepha wonke umuntu ukhona ngokuphelele. Ama-Writh asebenzisa bobabili ukushaya, okubizwa ngokuthi ingilazi enomswakama. Ngaphakathi kwento ngayinye yento iqukethe i-bubble yomoya, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuhluke ngokuphelele. Kepha into esemqoka ngumbala wengilazi enamabala ayihambisani. Umsebenzi "uyaphila", uvimbela - ukuchichima, ukuwachitha, ukuqina, okuchichimayo, ukucekelwa phansi, kunombala wokukhanya, isikhathi sosuku, kanye nokusuka ku-angle noma ibanga esibona ngalo It.
Enqubweni yokucubungula ingilazi iziphatha ngokumangazayo, futhi imvamisa ingalindeleki: inikeza umthunzi ongalindelekile, khona-ke irisidi ebonakalayo noma ifomu elimangazayo. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi umkhiqizo osuqediwe ngezizathu ezingenakuqhathaniswa uhlanganiswa ngokuzumayo ngegridi yokufakelwa, ukuqhakaza matte, kuqhume noma kunqunywe ...
Ubuchwepheshe be-Technology ngayinye (izimbongolo azikho lula) inenombolo ecishe ibe khona engenamkhawulo yama-nuances abalulekile. Ngakho-ke, umbala kanye nokwakheka kwengxenye yengilazi kungashintsha kusuka ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa noma emizuzwini engadingekile yokuhlala esithandweni somlilo. Noma, ake sithi, yindawo yokugcina impahla enolwazi kuphela ezwakala, okudingeka ukuthi iphoqeleli futhi ubuningi obudingayo ukukhipha ikhanda lonqenqema lwezibuko, ukuze esikhathini esizayo abesizayo abazinzile banamanzi anamanzi anamanzi. Noma umdwebi ochwepheshe oneminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho kule ndlela, anganciphisa ngokunetheleleka ngokunethezeka nge-silhouette enomsiki wengilazi, ngaphandle kokuphambuka emgqeni wekhadibhodi yokulungiselela, futhi ngokuhlephula ama-curdilinear cut.
Ngakho-ke sebenza enkampanini uMarina Devyatkina noNikolai Orekhov "ELIKELA-Service", i-Studio "Ingilazi", ezindaweni zokuxhumana ezinama-archist ezinamabala ka-Elena Yarvunko noTatyana Adanikkina " I-Glass Dvor ", ku-" Ingilazi Yokwenziwa Kwezobuciko "," Ingilazi Nokuthula "," Ingilazi ne-Glaswareware ".
Futhi iwindi elibalulekile - iwindi lengilazi elahliwe lenza ukungasebenzi kahle, ngemuva kwesikhathi esikhulu sesikhathi sokuqamba, selivele lisungulwe entweni. Lokhu kwenzeka kulawo makhosi angacabangi ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi engilazini. Izonikeza imifantu enobunye. Ochwepheshe basetshenziselwa ukukhomba izindawo ze-voltage voltage ithuluzi elikhethekile lensimbi-mbumbulu.
Ukuzungeza
Iwindi elimnandi kakhulu elinamanzi laliqhakaza liqhakaza ezindlovukazi ezintathu zaseFrance, imithetho yayo yonke isuka komunye ukusuka ngo-1137 kuya ku-1252g. Le yiNdlovukazi ka-Eleanor, indodakazi yakhe iNdlovukazi uMarie de Champagne futhi umzukulu kaCastilskaya engenalutho. Ubungcweti bakwaVitraarius bebengekho ngaleso sikhathi, futhi amawindi okuqala anamabala amakhulu adalwe ngenxa ye-dilettants yawo abulale kule ndawo - ubucwebe baseFrance. Bakhethe ingilazi enemibala komunye nomunye, njengoba bekujwayele ukuthatha amatshe ebucwecwe. Amafasitela engilazi enamabala ahamba phambili futhi angenakuqhathaniswa kuze kube manje. Ukukhanya izibuko ezinemibala ehlukahlukene kwakubonakala sengathi amatshe ayigugu. Imicu yokunethezeka yobukhulu obukhulu, enothile kumapende wokukhanya, ukuxuba, ungene emoyeni wesonto. Ukuthola imithambo ebanzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebomvu, imisebe yegolide egezwa izindonga. Lo mphumela ngokwawo wawucwiliselwa amakholwa emkhathini wemfihlakalo ephakeme. Imvamisa izithombe ezisongelwe kusuka ezingilazini ezinemibala zenziwa ngokufakwa okuvela engilazini elula yombala. Ngolunye usuku, usuku olujwayelekile lwemini, lungene esontweni lesonto, lubonwa njengento eyimfihlakalo nangokomoya. Ama-anoserations ayenjengomzekeliso wemibhalo yesandla."I-Classic", "Tiffany", "Latvian"
Empeleni, imithungo yesimanje, akuseyona umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwenqubo yengilazi enombala we-classical kanye nenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yiTiffany lwendlela. Futhi enye (i-Votchychi evela esonweni sezobuchwepheshe, eqopha, etching) - i-wrench ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwesikebhe, eyodwa noma ngolunye uhlobo lwengilazi evamile enemibala esebenza. Iphrofayili yokuhola yakudala iyakwazi ukuhlanganisa izingcezu zengilazi eziningi ezanele. Ukuze uthole umdwebo onemininingwane eminingi, eqoqwe kusuka kumicu emincane yombala, sebenzisa inqubo yeTiffany. Kulokhu (kusetshenziswa itheyipu kusuka ku-foil ye-foil yethusi, okuyinto engilazini ye-perimeter ibekwa) Thola ithuba lokudikibalisa lezi zinsundu ezigobile. Ngakho-ke kuvela eglasini elinamabala "Tiffany" umdwebo omuhle we-silhouette wohlaka lwangaphakathi. Isigaxa esiguqukayo, kepha esiguquguqukayo esiguquguqukayo futhi esiguquguqukayo sephrofayela yokuxhuma sisetshenziswa ezimweni lapho imigqa yengilazi enamabala ku-sketch-iqonde noma igoqekile emsakanweni omkhulu. Isibonelo, usebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, abaculi baka-Olga Melgunova Workshop bakha amafasitela ezingilazi acwebezelwe ngokuhola noma ithusi kanye nokuqiniswa kwethusi.Emsebenzini wanamuhla imithungo, wonke amasu amathathu amele inqubo efanayo enezigaba ezilandelayo. Ngemuva komsebenzi womculi esikebheni esincane sengilazi esibi esinamabala, umdwebo ebhodini lamakhadi ngokweqiniso. Onke amasayizi nemibala kubhekwa lapha. ISkarton isuse ukulandelela futhi yenza amaphethini amabala. Izibuko ezisobala ziyasikwa, zifaka phakathi i-traction, ne-opaque (emnyama noma matte) - ezihlotsheni. Ngemuva kokubheka ukunemba kwawo wonke amakhompiyutha etafuleni elikhanyayo, iziphetho zezibuko ziguqula iribhoni elinamathelayo, ithusi noma lihole. Lapho-ke iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi lihlangene ku "mqhubi" we-Plywood noma i-chipboard. Ubukhulu bayo bulingana nosayizi wekhadibhodi, imiphetho inesithukuthezi ngokukhuluphala kwengilazi. Ngezansi "komqhubi" kubeka i-traction, yalala kuyo zonke izingcezu zengilazi. Njengoba usuhambile kakhulu komunye nomunye ngangokunokwenzeka, baqala ukunyamalala imithungo. Ukudonsa solder sebenzisa ama-alloys akhethekile we-tin kanye ne-fluxes. Ngibeka uhlangothi olulodwa, i-windmill yeglasi elinamanzi ijika futhi yanyamalala futhi. Umsebenzi ophelele nohlaka lomkhiqizo wonke nge-post ebanzi, ukuhola noma iribhoni yethusi nephutha layo. Yonke imigqa ye-soldering igayiwe, yingakho i-tin blilliance ye-solder iphenduka ibe yi-flicklering ye-Bronze yakudala. Ku-vitrootype yengilazi enamabala elungele ukufakwa. Izindleko zemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngendlela enjalo ziphezulu (1m2- ukusuka ku- $ 700 kuya ku- $ 1000 nangaphezulu). Umsebenzi weThique, ngokwesibonelo, abaculi "uStudios Alexander Feriava". Kungamabutho kanye nenhlanganisela yamasu ambalwa (amafasitela apholile apholile anamabala angabalwa kuze kufike ezingcupheni ezine ezinemibala emine), edinga ulwazi ngezimfihlo ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe. Amabutho e-Studio abuye adalwe ngamalambu engilazi ama-volumetric acwebezelayo emasusteniphone ama-posting kanye nezinsimbi ezikhethekile zakhiwe abaculi bama-Glass.
Indlela ye-Classic isebenzisa umhlangano wengilazi ochaziwe "RV" (iSt. Petersburg). Lapha babuyisela okudala okujwayelekile futhi bakha amafasitela engilazi anamuhla. Imikhiqizo eminingi ngenqubo yasendulo eqediwe u-Alexander Shitov. Imisebenzi yayo enkulu ihambelana kahle nabaphakathi abakhangi bezakhiwo ezinkulu zokwakha. Linjalo amafasitela engilazi acwebezelwe eSouthral Cathedral eTver, ehhovisi leNkonzo Yebhange "eMoscow" eMoscow, ezakhiweni zokuhlala eSergiev Posad. Indawo enkulu yengilazi enamabala idinga ikhono elikhethekile lokulindela ngokunembile umbono ozokhiqiza umkhiqizo othile ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi. Njengomthetho, amawindi amakhulu engilazi anamabala aqoqwa kusuka kumakhasethi amaningana. Indawo yalowo nalowo ayiveli i-2m2, futhi phakathi kwazo idlulisela okunamandla (okuvundlile futhi okuqondile) ukuguqulwa kwesiteshi sokuqiniswa. Ngakho-ke sebenza esitudiyo sobuciko esasinamanzi ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Alexander Glakov "Alexandria".
Ukushona kwelanga
Kamuva, izithombe zeglasi elinamabala zaqala ukufaka izingcezwana ezenziwe kwinqubo yokupenda ngamapende abulingle engilazini. Kwakuyisiqalo sokuthambekela kobuciko obunamanzi. Ngemuva kuka-1250g. Izithombe zichotshozwa ngokwengeziwe, izinga labo lobuciko lincishisiwe. I-Windows enamabala enezingilazi kancane kancane ilahlekelwa izindiza zayo zokuhlobisa imvelo zokuhlobisa, inkohliso yevolumu yezibalo yenziwe.Esikhathini se-renaissance, ingilazi enamabala ithola ukuthandwa e-Italy, eSwitzerland, ePoland futhi ikakhulukazi eNgilandi (Westminster Abbey eLondon, eCathedral eWales). Kepha ngisho nabaculi abakhulu (Donatello, babalwa, uLorenzo Hibey) baqonda iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi nje njengokupenda ngengilazi. Imvuselelo yakamuva yadalwa kuphela ngama- "amakhabethe" amancane "anamabala, futhi abaningi babevele benomkhosi. Ukupenda okusentshonalanga ngengilazi kubo bekuboniswa ama-heraldic, izindlu zomlando, imidwebo kanye nezimo zothando ezinothando.
Abaculi bakwa-European Baroque, ama-Classicism neRocoko ngokuhlonishwa okuhlobene nokuphakama kwe- "Wandle", ngombono wabo, isizukulwane saseGothic, ubuciko be-barbaric be-French yasendulo yakudala.
Ukupenda, ukubhala, ukubhala
Yenza futhi ungene emthundweni uqoqwe ingilazi, usebenzisa amasu weSandblasting, upende ngopende othulayo othulayo bese ushisa, ngemuva kwalokho umdwebo ugcotshwe i-hydrofluoric acid. Kuliqiniso, Travale - kuyingozi empilweni futhi kungavamile kakhulu manje indlela yokwakha amawindi engilazi anamabala. Izibuko zibuye zifake i-glue usebenzisa umbala okhethekile noma glue esobala, zilukhuni nge-ultraviolet irradiation.Imikhiqizo eyenziwe kusetshenziswa iSandblasting, eshibhile kunabanye: kusuka ku- $ 250 nge-1M2 ngayinye. Abaculi noma benza iphethini ye-matte kwingilazi esobala, noma baqonde iphethini esobala ngengilazi ye-matte. Umdwebo omuhle kakhulu we-matte ubheka ingilazi ye-bias elibushelelezi, ngokwesibonelo, kwi-Italian "Satinato". Akusina umbala kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi kuthathwe (pink, pearly grey, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho nomthunzi wethusi elimnyama noma yethusi). Isu le-Vehii lisebenzisa abaculi abaningi. Isibonelo, i-Virtuoso-ngaphesheya kwe-Monochrome "Engravings engilazini ye-Peter Vovikova kufanele. I-Master idala izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingokomfanekiso, imidwebo, imidwebo yokuhlobisa isalokhu, ifinyelela ingilazi yesiliva evuthayo, khona-ke umphumela weqhwa kuwo. Kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esomile esigeziwe ngosayizi ohlukile wokusanhlamvu nokuvala izindawo ezihlukile zengilazi ngefilimu noma i-mastic, umculi wakha isikhundla sokuba ngumphathi wezindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe, bese uphola ngokukhanyisa okuhlukile, khona-ke iparele.
Elinye iwindows elikhulu le- "Strogsov", lapho bafundisa khona futhi baqhubeke nokufundisa abaculi abanamanzi, bagcwalisa i-monumental iwindows windows alexander Faeeva, eyenziwe ngenqubo yeSandblast. Abaculi basebenza kule ndlela noMarina Devyatkina, "ukudonsa" engilazini yemihlomo yemifino emdwebeni. Yena nabaculi bamanye amafemu bakha amafasitela ezingilazi ezinamabala nasezinsusweni zokupenda ngamapende abulisiwe, lapho ngesikhathi sokudubula kunamanzi ebusweni bengilazi. Ngakho-ke dala okusha futhi ubuyisele amafasitela esilazi esichaziwe esinama-masters avela eSt. Petersburg - "Pikalov nendodana" kanye "nombala opende, opende, upende ingilazi enamachaphazeli enkampanini yaseJalimane.
I-Europe: I-BOOM ENTSHA
Futhi ingilazi enezinhlungu ithole ukuthandwa ku-XIX. I-noorist yesiNgisi edumile kanye nomkhuba wobuciko be-William Morris bavuselele ama-aesthetics weNkathi Ephakathi nobuchwepheshe obudala bokwenza iwindi lengilazi elinamabala. UVetrome Morris wasebenzisa abaculi abadumile bangaphambi kwe-Falites u-Edward Bern-Jones noGabriel Dnte Rossetti. I-Vacuo AR nouveau ingilazi ebekiwe ivuselelwa njengohlobo lokupenda okuyisikhumbuzo. AmaMelika uLouis Tiffony's Comfort and La Farian asungula uhlobo olusha lwengilazi futhi athuthukise indlela yezingilazi ezinemibala ehlanganisiwe. Imiphetho yabo yadingwa yi-foil yethusi (folia), bese iqhutshelwa. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuxhuma ingilazi hhayi endizeni efanayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokunikeza amandla anemibala enemibala eminingi ye-convex, amafomu amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha buvumele izingcezu ezincane kakhulu zengilazi, ukuzixhumana nemigqa emihle-mpo, imigqa ye-spike efana newebhu (eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke wama-shlanshades amalambu e-tifmany studio).Ekuqaleni kwe-xxv. IWindows yeLay-Glass yakhelwe ama-Architects nabadwebi abanjengoHenri van de Velda, uFrank Rei Maskintosh, futhi kamuva, uGergi Maskintosh, uFernan Leo, uMark Leo, uMark REO, uMark Rugo . Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokwakha kanye nezindlela zokucubungula ingilazi, Isicelo sokubopha ipulasitiki, ithusi kanye ne-aluminium, kanye nokugcwala - kanye nokugcwala - ama-epoxy Resins kusize abaklami benze lokhu kwakhiwa kwengilazi enamabala ekwakhiweni okunamabala. Manje ingilazi enamabala ngumsebenzi hhayi kuphela ukupenda okuyisikhumbuzo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa futhi kusetshenziswe ubuciko.
Ubuchwepheshe bokufanisa ubuchwepheshe
Kubuchwepheshe besono, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukugcotshwa" (i-otangli fusing-ukuncibilika, ukuncibilika, ukuncipha), ungasebenzisi ukwahlukaniswa ngensimbi. Umdwebo useseceleni kwengilazi eqinile yengilazi, izingcezu ezinemibala egcwele, ama-granule ezingilazi, kufanelekile, bese ufakwa kuhhavini. Lapho, sethathwa kusethe shwela ku-850 ezimbili-, ezintathu-ungqimba "Pie" zihlabelele kwinombolo eyodwa. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe, izingqimba zingasakazeka noma cha, amabala axutshwe noma ahlale achazwe ngokucacile, avele aqhamuke ku-volumetric noma aqhamuke. Ukuthungwa okufiselekayo kuvela, ubukhulu nokukhululeka okufunayo kuyadalwa. Izindleko ze-1M2 Ingilazi Enamachashazi Empeleni Indlela Esezingeni Elifanele kusuka ku- $ 700. Ubuchwepheshe be-Vehii basebenzisa abaculi abaningi abaqeqeshiwe: "Studios of Alexander Feavaeva", izitudiyo ze-Art zanamabala "aleksandria", amafemu "umuntu wengilazi", "ingilazi".Umphumela okhethekile wobuhle bama-masters anobungane obunobungane uyatholakala, uhlanganisa inqubo yokuthola isonto ngenqubo ye-sandblasting. Kulokhu, amabala emibala ayabalwa eglasini ahambisana nephethini lokusiza se-sandblasting le-matte. Ubunzima, izinambuzane zanamuhla zivame ukuxhumeka emsebenzini owodwa amasu ambalwa. Izingxenye zosizo zokuqanjwa kwengilazi ezinamanzi, ezenziwe yi-sonsoling, zixhumeke ezingxenyeni ezitholakele kwinqubo yasendulo. Abaculi uNatalya Marydar, Nina Nikolenko ("Ingilazi Ndoda", "Ingilazi Nokuthula") Dala amafasitela esilazi esinama-contering emasusteni amaphono, "tiffany", futhi futhi aqede ingilazi eyodwa futhi aze angeze intuthu.
Iwindows elihlaba umxhwele kakhulu iwindi elinamabala axhumeke ukuze ahlanganiswe nezakhi zensimbi noma zethusi. Ukuhlanganisa ukufeza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zeglasi elinamabala, abaculi studio "Oros" Alexander Nersessan, u-Elena Nechiporenka, uYuri Viktorov no-Andrei USOOLOV no-Andrei USOOLOV. Ukuhlanganisa kube yizinhlaka ze-artistic ze-artistic ze-archist futhi ezigobile nezindiza zengilazi enemibala eminingi, abaculi bakha izinto ezihlaba umxhwele "zokwakha kanye nezingilazi". Uma ubheka ukwakheka okunjalo, uyakuqonda ukuthi ingilazi nensimbi kufana kakhulu, ngoba beza ezweni lethu "elibandayo" kusukela ekushiseni kwezindawo zokushisa nokugcina amafomu atholwe empilo "yomlilo" lapha.
Ikhono lama-stitzers ne-kuznetsov lihlanganiswe emisebenzini ka-Alexei Knozev, u-Elena Petukhova, uCyril Melpert, uSergey Charshish - Abaculi benkampani "MBKS", oholwa yi-Monumert. Ukuhlobisa ama-grilles, ama-chandeliers nezinye izinto zensimbi ezenziwe ngensimbi kanye namafasitela engilazi anamabala, asebenzisa okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-erkles (50-60mm) - amachaphaza abizwa nge-raintle .
ERussia
ERussia, geza ingilazi engaphezu kwe-1000. Isivele ikukhulu le-XII. Amafasitela engilazi abunjiwe ayesemasontweni aseNovgorod, Galich, Grodno. B1634G. Ngokulinganayo, isitshalo sengilazi yokuqala sivele eDukhanino, futhi i-M.V. ILomonosov yathuthukisa ukutholakala kwefektri ekhiqiza ingilazi ebekiwe ngaphansi kwe-oranienbaum. Ingilazi ebekiwe eRussia ibingejwayelekile njengaseYurophu, kepha iseningi kakhulu. Okungenani kuzo zombili izihloko ku-XIX. Kungenzeka ukuhlangana nemisebenzi eminingi yengilazi enamabala. Bahlobise zombili izakhiwo zezwe nesonto (amasonto amaKatolika kuphela, kodwa futhi namasonto amaningi ama-Orthodox). Idume kakhulu nge-Windows Glants St. Petersburg. Iphaneli kusukela multi-ezinemibala ingilazi ehlotshiswe le Interiors izigodlo Grand Dukes, Winter Palace, Phazzian Corps, amafasitela of the Astoria Hotel bebekhona izindawo ezihlukahlukene abadumile - kusukela Avanzala Academy of Arts lokuya e-Grand UMbusi ithuna ePetropavlovsk inqaba. I-Glass Glass Windows yanamabala eGatchina, Peterhof, ePorgolov, Tsarskoye Selo, eSontweni LaseMsindisi egazini, ezindlini eziningi zeholo, izibhedlela, izindawo zokudlala, izindawo zokudlela. Abaculi baka-Abrahamtsky Mug babebandakanyekile kulolu hlobo lobuciko (iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi elithi "knight" uMikhail Vrubebel).-Phonsa
Ubuchwepheshe "Murano Glass" bunokunye amagama. I-Murano Glass inengilazi ethe mpo yenqubo yesono, i-Murano Glass ine-silhouette ebekwe yizinhlaka zalelo fomu lensimbi, lapho kukhiqizwa amafasitela anezingilazi. Ukuphonsa kwakusebenza, ikakhulukazi, amakhosi nabaculi benkampani yenkampani. Ingilazi eshisayo ithululelwa ekujuleni kwama-matric wensimbi bese ubhaka, njengamakhekhe, emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-1000. Inqubo ibizwa nge-FRACCO ukuhlonipha ithuluzi elifanayo, ngosizo lwakho Ingilazi, kuyilapho imnene, yenza impumuzo efana negagasi. Vele, esimweni ngasinye, uhlobo lwenkululeko luphenduke lube luhlukile.I-Master ngayinye isebenza ngobuchwepheshe bayo bemfihlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho lowo owawushiya esiqhingini saseMurano emazweni abanye abantu, wajezisa ukufa. Ngakho-ke indaba yengilazi enemibala yezepolitiki ayigcini-ke kuphela, kodwa negazi. Ukusuka eminyakeni ephakathi kulesi siqhingi wakwazi ukudlulisa izindlela zokupheka kuphela ngombuthano omncane kakhulu wecala. Uma inkosi ingashiyi abalandeli, ingilazi yalolu hlobo ibingasakhiqizwa. Isiko lisindile kuze kube namuhla. Isibonelo, kuphekiwe ukukhiqiza amapuleti anemibala enemibala eminingi ngosayizi 6060cm ngemuva kokushona kwenkosi eyodwa eyayazi izimfihlo zokukhiqiza. Kukhona kuphela amasampula ambalwa angenakufinyeleleka kwamanye amakhosi.
Isicupho se-pseudo
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bukuvumela ukuthi udale amaphethini wombala engilazini, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isikhathi sokukhohlisa isikhathi nesikhathi sobuchwepheshe be-sandblasting, noma inqubo yokusona noma i-etching. Umbala engilazini usetshenziswa ngamafilimu aqhakazile, ama-varnish amelana nawo, izimbobo ze-lavsan nezinye izinto. Imikhiqizo etholwe ayikho ingilazi enamabala ngomqondo ophelele wegama, kanye ne-charm yengilazi emnandi yemvelo kubo, ngeshwa, inyamalale. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwabo kuvela ukuthi kube lula kakhulu, kushesha futhi kushibhile. Yebo, futhi ingilazi ayinakusetshenziswa hhayi "i-classic" siliarte, kepha acrylic noma i-organic. Lokhu kubizwa okuthiwa yi-pseudo-trap, cishe esiyoke sitshele ngokwehlukana, ngoba kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele ...
Iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi nobuciko
Kumagama anamuhla, womabili igama lesiNgisi lewindi lengilazi elinamanzi "ingilazi yezakhiwo" (ingilazi yezakhiwo), egcizelela iqhaza elikhulu lalobu buciko ekwakheni kwanamuhla. "Okuvuselelwa" ubukhazikhazi bomlingo bengilazi elinamabala, bafuna ukuthola indawo yakhe endaweni yakhe yasekhaya, abangewona abaqeqeshiwe balahlekile ukuqagela: kuphi futhi kuphi? Okuhle kunakho konke, uma ngabelwa amafasitela ezingilazi ezinamabala zibekwa kuphrojekthi ngaphambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa kabusha noma kwakhiwa. Lapho-ke ingilazi enemibala nomakhi, ukungena emcabangweni ojwayelekile, kungadala isithombe sobuciko obuhlukile, namandla anamandla okungokomzwelo adluliselwa umdwebi wesakhiwo sengilazi esinamabala, uthola ukuthuthuka kwawo ekwakhiweni kwawo. Kepha umdwebi onekhono kanye nendlu eqediwe ingathola indawo yokusebenza kusuka eglasini elinamabala. Okungabazeki ngokungangabazeki: Ingilazi enamabala izoguqula isikhala lapho izovela khona. I-Amatel, "ISS", "Design Interior" inikezela nge-modular glass windows noma ama-rectangles ngephethini lokuhlobisa elingaqondakali. Lawo mapuleti enziwe emasonweni kanye namasu wokuqopha aklanyelwe ukukhwela kuma-niches, Windows, ifenisha, ukwahlukaniswa okumisiwe. Imikhiqizo yeglasi ihlukaniswe ngasikhathi sinye esikhaleni ezisezindaweni, futhi uyihlanganise ngombala wazo kukhanye. Amapuleti anamathele ohlelweni olukhethekile lwezintambo kanye namabakaki ophahleni nasekupheleni. Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo okwakhayo kwengilazi enezinhlangu kunika abaklami namathuba amasha okuhlela isikhala sokuvuselelwa kabusha. Inkampani "I-Design-Interior" iqoqa kusuka ezingxenyeni zezinkampani zase-Italian iTre kanye ne-Henry Glass ahlukahlukene izingoma ezinamabala. Ngakho-ke, ingilazi yeHenry ihambisa amafasitela akhethekile ngamafasitela engilazi enamabala. Lezi "ama-sandwich" zinobukhulu obungu-18 noma i-22mm kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene obuhambisana nezindlela zokuvula. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nemingcele ekwakheni indawo ayikwazi ukwedlula i-2.1m2. Ngaphakathi kwamafasitela acwebezelayo acwebezelayo, ipuleti lengilazi elinamanzi, elenziwe ngokusho kobuchwepheshe be-classical, ngokusetshenziswa kwe-ead broach phakathi kwezingcezu zengilazi enamabala kufakwa.
Ukukhishwa kwengilazi ye-Henry kanye namaqabunga eminyango yengilazi enama-lised-efakwe imibala emibalabala, noma kufakwe ebusweni bengilazi, noma "sereplain" kuyo. Lezi zinto ezifakiwe ze-Glass zingumhlobiso wendabuko waseMurania: "Umbala" we-rancake "angu-Abstract," ama-pancake "noma ama-veneties aseVenetin noma olwandle. Inqubo ye-Iteninal Production Production, ababhali bafaka enye ingilazi eshisayo nethambile yokuqinisekiswa kwayo okubandlululayo kokuvela komsebenzi. Omunye walabaculi - uMaestro Bruno Munari, wakha amapuleti ezingilazi ezinamabala ngephethini elingaqondakali kanye neminyango yengilazi ebabazekayo yokwakheka kwanamuhla okunamabala-encani. "Isihloko" sokwehlukahlukana "sikhiqizwa ukujikeleza okuncane kakhulu. I-Door Canvases ingenziwa kunoma yikuphi ukulingana nobukhulu - kuze kufike ku-3m ukuphakama kuze kube kufika ku-1.2m ububanzi. Ukufakwa kwengilazi okuchithekile kwefenisha ukudala kanye namakhosi e-St Petersburg Firm "Russian Usbar" (imishini yokufaka kanye ne-econing).
Esikhathini muva nje, abaculi abaseGlass bathola zonke izici ezintsha zalokhu okubonakalayo okuhle kwaphakade ngobuciko obunobuhlakani nobuhlobise. Xhuma amafasitela acwebezelwe amafasitela anokwakha, ifenisha, isithombe esibaziweyo, amafomu amancane wokwakha futhi afaka nalo ngokubukeka komhlaba. Dala izibani ezinamabala ezingilazi zezangaphakathi nezomgwaqo, ama-aquarium ezingilazi ezinamabala nezibuko. Izinto zesimanje ezivela eglasini elinamabala zizohlasela ivolumu yezakhiwo, bese weqa "isikhala ngokwawo, ukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuqhubeka kwalo ngezibuko zayo ezinemibala. IVitrearius yanamuhla ivula amathuba angalindelekile okusebenzisa imibala yezingoma ezinamabala ezingilazi nezinto ekwakhiweni, okujabulisa kakhulu ababhali ngokwabo futhi, kunjalo, kufanele, kufanele, bafanelwe indaba ehlukile.
Abahleli babonga igalari "Impilo yengilazi", "Studio Alexander Faeva", studio of Art Ingilazi ", i-Studio" I-Classion Glass "Elite-Service", inkampani " Ama-MKS ", umhlangano wengilazi onamabala" ingilazi yengilazi "nendlu yezitolo" ingilazi kanye nomhlaba "ukuthola usizo ekulungiseni okuqukethwe.