Amaphaneli awodwa anamafasitela angakhelwe ngaphakathi
ama-slabs alungisa ama-dowels
Kunzima ukubeka indlu isikhathi esisodwa - kwabathuthukisi abaningi abazimele, le nqubo yeluliwe iminyaka, kanye nezizathu zamanga "angenzi lutho", ngokusobala, ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe bokwakha okuphansi. Namuhla sikwethula kubuchwepheshe bokwakha baseCanada yeCottage, eyakhelwe yiBrigade yabantu abayisithupha ngesonto elilodwa nje
Kafushane ngento esemqoka
Njengamanje, emkhakheni wezokwakhiwa kwendlu ekhishini, ubuchwepheshe bayanda kakhulu ezakhiweni zesakhiwo ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi umhlangano wendlu ezintweni eziqediwe. Kusuka kubuchwepheshe obufanayo, cabanga ngeCanada, esetshenziswa eNtshonalanga iminyaka engama-50.Ngokwezindlu zakhe, zakhiwe emaphaneli lokhuni (izihlangu) - zikhiqizwa efektri ngokuya ngamaphrojekthi athuthukiswe yi-Architetural Design Bureau.
Izihlangu ezivela lapho kuthwele izindonga ezithwala izindonga zingukuklama kwe-multilayer. Kubandakanya uhlaka lwe-brusade lwamapulangwe olunobukhulu obungu-144 mm kusuka ekulungiseleleni kwezobuchwepheshe okwedlule kwezobuchwepheshe eziseqophelweni eliphezulu lamatshe ama-coniferous; Ukushaywa kwama-BilAset kusuka kumashidi afakwe ngaphakathi kwe-Plyproof ne-AntiPyrin materproof kanye nokumboza kwangaphakathi ngama-gppsum-fiber amashidi (GVL) anobukhulu obungu-12 mm. Isikhala esiphakathi kwamashalofu sigcwele nge-basaltalt insurtal yemvelo enobungane (iFinland). Ukuphakama kwesihlangu kulingana nokuphakama kophahla - 2.7 m, futhi ububanzi buyehluka ngokuya ngephrojekthi ethile. Kumaphaneli, kwenziwa isakhiwo sobunjiniyela sohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, bahlome ngama-fasteners kanye nokuqina okuvikelwe ngegalari.
Ngokufanayo, amaphaneli ekwahlukaniswa kwangaphakathi ahlelwe, kanye nophahla olungaphakathi lwesitolo kanye nophahla. Ziyehluka, ngaphambi kwakho konke, isigaba semigoqo samabha ngohlaka (200 mm - kumaphaneli okudlula, amaphaneli we-100 mm kumaphaneli we-warlitions) kanye nobukhulu besendlalelo sohlaka, oluhambelana nobukhulu bohlaka lwefreyimu . Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaneli ahlukanisa amaphaneli ambozwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-plywood ne-GWL, futhi ukugcwala kungukuphela kwe-plywood.
Ngemuva komhlangano, izindonga zangaphandle ezingaphandle zifakwa ngamapuleti e-polystyrere foam ngobukhulu obungu-50 mm, bese befakwa ngezitini. Ngenxa yomiswa wama-gypsum fiber amashidi, izindonga zangaphakathi, phansi kanye nophahla zinendawo eyisicaba futhi zikulungele ukuqeda - akudingekile ukwenza umsebenzi ngokuqondanisa kwazo nodaka, olusindisa isikhathi nemali. Udonga lwe-multilayer ezizakhisweni zalo zokushisa luyafana noMasonry kusuka kuzitini ezigcwele ngobude obunobukhulu obungu-1.5 m. Kepha kufanele bakhunjulwe ukuthi kuzodingeka bakulungise kulo, ngokwesibonelo, kuzodingeka Ama-dowel akhethekile ezakhiwo ezingenalutho.
Ngakho-ke, indlu iqukethe iqoqo lamaphaphu, elilungele ukufakwa kwezinto ezihlelekile (izindonga, ngaphezulu kwama-system, amasistimu wokuphahla), izinto zawo ezenziwa ngokuphelele ezimeni zefekthri. Kulezi, esizeni sokwakha ezingxenyeni ezithile futhi uqoqe lonke isakhiwo.
Ukusebenziseka kalula kwe-Design neTekhnoloji, ukusetshenziswa kokubulawa kwefekthri kanye nezinto ezijwayelekile zinikeza ukuncishiswa okukhulu ngesikhathi somsebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zokwakhiwa kwamakamelo. Indlu eyakhelwe ebukhwini baseCanada ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zesimanje nemibono mayelana namandla, ukonga amandla, ifilakisi kanye nezemvelo futhi kulungele ukwahlulwa okuhlukahlukene kwezimo zezulu. Indlu yozimele ilula futhi ayidingi isisekelo esikhulu, esinciphisa izindleko zokwakha kwayo. Izingxenye zezinkuni zedizayini azinqotshwa, azichazeki, ezivumela umsebenzi wokuqeda ngokushesha ngemuva kokufaka amanethiwekhi wobunjiniyela bokwakha.
Intengo yokuthengisa yesethi ephelele evela esitshalweni yi-5 ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-5. Okwe-1 m2 yendawo yokuhlala yokwakhiwa, izindleko ezilinganiselwayo zokufaka i-Base Kit - 25% yentengo yayo (isisekelo, ukuphapha, amaphahla, umhlobiso ongaphandle futhi ongaphakathi, amanethiwekhi wobunjiniyela awafakiwe ekuhlinzekweni).
Ukupheka Isisekelo
Uhlobo nokwakhiwa kwesisekelo kuya ngezimpawu zomhlaba womhlaba. Kuthu, amanzi aphansi komhlaba esizeni agcwala amanzi okujula okungu-7m. Ukunaka lokhu, kanye nokuhlelwa kwendlu yesikhathi esizayo, uhlobo lwesisekelo lwenziwa enhlanganweni yephrojekthi.
Idivayisi yayo isiqalile ngohlelo lokuhlela ama-Plane. Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kokunemba kwe-markup kwakalwa nge-diagonals. Ngemuva kwalokho, imigodi enezindonga eziqonde mpo yadonswa ukuyobeka izixhaso - yaqinisa izinsika zikakhonkolo zokukhiqizwa kwefekthri ngobude obuyi-1.8 m (isiphambano sesigaba 43g 40cm ngokwesekelayo kanye nokuphakama kwama-30 cm. Esikhathini esingenhla sensika enkabeni kukhona ukumbunguswa kwesigaba sesikwele 32 g 32 g 12 cm, okuhlome ngezinto ezenziwa ngensimbi (amapuleti).
I-PITS emgodini (1,6 m ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, okungu-0.2 m ngaphezu kokujula kokuqhwa) kwehliswe nge-crane. Izinsika zesethenjwa ngokuyinhloko zazisemakhoneni ebhilidi nasekuhlobiseni kwezindonga, bese - ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwazo. Ibanga phakathi kwamakholomu lalingamamitha ama-2. Emgodini, ungqimba lwemfucumfucu ngesihlabathi esingu-15 cm wawunama-raming, futhi insika yafakelwa kuyo. Isikhala phakathi kwezindonga zomgodi nezinsika zagcwala inhlabathi ngesandla.
Ngemuva kokuba zonke izinsika zifakiwe, zihlolisise izinga elivundlile lemikhawulo. Ngephuzu lesethenjwa, kwakhethwa insika, incike kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuphambuka kunxeshezelwa ama-linlings ensimbi, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, ahlaselwa ngasekupheleni kwensika. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukubeka ama-boutons.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi inhlabathi esigabeni sabasekeli, ubude bokusekelwa benqunyelwe ngesibalo ukuze kufakwe, iziphetho zabo zikhishwe ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ngo-15 cm. Ezintweni ezenzelwe imali № 27 Njengopende - futhi waphathwa ngeBitumen Mastics. Umgodi womoya phakathi kokuphakama nomhlaba kuvimbela ingcindezi eqondile yenhlabathi ekuqaleni lapho inhlabathi ibolekile. Amaphrofayili ensimbi abekwe azungeze umngcele wesakhiwo nangaphansi kwezindonga ezivuneni, ukunemba kwendawo yabo evumelana nakho kwalawulwa yizinsimbi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, bemba umsele ngokujula kuka-1.5 m futhi kwaholela emanzini asendlini, ukufudumeza nangokupenda kwamapayipi.
Esigabeni esilandelayo, amapuleti esitimela amapuleti wokuqinisa isisekelo afakwa ku-Sluclet, okuyinamaphaneli wokuma okujikelezayo (ama-PC) wochungechunge lwe-1.141-1. Babekwe engxenyeni yezisombululo ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe zobukhulu obungu-50 obungaphezulu kuka-20 mm. Emigodini evela emaphethelweni amaphaneli abeka amafasitela akhonkolo efektri. Imisipha phakathi kwamapuleti yagcwala ngodaka kasimende 100. izimbobo zokudlula izibhamu ezifudumele, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, indawo yokuthuthwa kwendle kuze kube ngu-250 mm kumiswe endaweni ethile ngaphakathi kwe-voids. Phezu kwephaneli kwafakwa ngaphansi kwamanzi ama-rubberoid.
Sekukonke, izinsuku ezintathu ezisele ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo nokubekwa kwamapuleti ukhonkolo aqinisiwe.
Ukuhlangana ekhaya
Lapho umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwalesi sisekelo usuqediwe, ama-trailer amaningi ahanjiswa endaweni yokwakha iqoqo lezakhiwo zokubuthana ekhaya.
Ukufakwa kwezindonga kwaqala ngamaphaneli allwar, afakwe ekunciphiseni okufushane kweplywood, edingekayo ukulungisa isimo sawo ngokuvundlile. Ipuleti lephaneli lalifakwa ngamakhona ensimbi linesinyathelo se-1 m: Ishelufu elilodwa ekhoneni laligcwele ama-rivets kuphaneli, elinye - kuya epuletini eline-anchor bolt elinobude obungu-100 mm. Izidleke ezingaphansi kwamabhulokhi zashayela umgexo. Phakathi kwamaphaneli ajoyine ngokufakwa ekuzibayeni. Ngokufaka izindonga zangaphandle zesitezi sokuqala, ukufakwa kwezindonga zangaphakathi kwenziwa kanti neseradi yafakwa e-cerav swelep, nayo eyayifakwe ezindongeni zamakhona isebenzisa ama-bolts.
Isitezi sesibili sezakhe uhlelo olufanayo, iphaneli lalilungisiwe ukuze lidlule. I-crane yamaloli esetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa nokuhambisa amapuleti. Ngokugxuma ngaphezulu kwesitezi sesibili, amaphaneli akhethekile asetshenziswa ngemifino yokubeka izakhiwo zophahla. Ebusuku, indlu yambozwa ngefilimu yemvula.
Idivayisi yophahla yayiqukethe ukufakwa kwamaphaneli amabili amaphaneli - i-facade ne-wack, eyayinesimo sokulungiswa onxantathu esilinganiselwe, ezinhlangothini ezimfishane zazo ezazibekwe futhi zabekwa amaphaneli. Izinto ezikhuphukayo zasebenzisa okufanayo nalapho zifaka amaphaneli odonga. Njengoba uphahla lwalusetshenziswa i-metal tile.
Idatha yezobuchwepheshe
Indawo ephelele yendlu .......... 189 m2
Indawo ephilayo yendlu ............................................................................................................
Uphahla oluphakeme .................................. 2.7 m
Phansi komhlaba:1. I-Tambour 2. Hallour 3. Igumbi lokuhlala 4. Igumbi lokudlela elikhishini elithi Chick-Dining 6. Sanusel 7. Garage 8. Veranda
Isigabe esilandelayo:
1. Hall 2-4. Amakamelo okulala 5. USanusel
Ngemuva kokuqeda ukufakwa kwendlu nokufakwa kophahla, kushintshelwe ekufakweni kwezindonga zangaphandle. Kuze kube manje, ngosizo lwama-dowels anamathiselwe amapuleti e-PSB Foam - ngokuqina kuka-70 mm. "Ezitebhisini" zezinkomo zezinsika zeSisekelo ngokufana ne-Scarlet-Sklms ebangeni elingu-50 mm, zabekwa empompini ama-Boutons Nombolo 27, aqhutshwa yi-BRICK LINGING OWINDLELA.
Ukwakhiwa kwebhokisi lendlu, ukufakwa komklamo we-rafter nokufakwa kophahla kwathatha izinsuku ezintathu, ngemuva kwalokho umsebenzi emhlobisweni ongaphandle wendlu, ukwakhiwa kwegaraji yezitini kwaqala ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Kusukela ingxenye yezokuxhumana (i-wiring kagesi, kanye nohlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo) yafakwa ngqo ezindongeni esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli, kwenziwa lula ukufakwa kwayo, okuhlanganiswe ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi amakhulu kamasipala. Izinzwa zentuthu ngesikhathi somsebenzi esongelwe ifilimu le-polyethylene. I-Electrocabyle, kanye namapayipi amanzi namapayipi endle, afingqiwe phezulu endlini egcwele umsele. Amapayipi epulasitiki epulasitiki wokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokukhuculwa kwendle abunjiwe ngokuya ngohlelo lwendabuko. Ngokwezidingo ezikhona, ukuhanjiswa kwamapayipi okuhlinzeka ngegesi wezizathu zokuphepha kumele kwenziwe ngendlela evulekile: ukuwakhuza ngobukhulu bezindonga noma noma ngubani okunzima ukuyithola akuvunyelwe.
Ezakhiweni zokuhlala nezobuchwepheshe, ama-radiator e-kermi afudumele (iJalimane) afakiwe; Esitezi sokuqala, ukwakheka okuvundlile kwamapayipi, ukuhambisa nokususa amanzi, kwenziwa ngamapayipi epulasitiki angokwenziwe ngeplanethi kanye namakhonkolo ekhonkolo. Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lonke lokufudumeza lwendlu endlumbisiwe lwalumiswe futhi luhlaziswe, izitezi zathululelwa ungqimba lukakhonkolo onobukhulu obungu-10 cm, kushiya amapayipi e-branching. Esitezi sesibili, i-wiring itholakala kubukhulu be-sterelap ephakathi nendawo.
Njengoba iphrojekthi yendlu ihlinzekelwe umoya omncane wemvelo, khona-ke kumasayithi afunekayo amaphaneli odonga, izimbobo zomoya kanye neziteshi zomoya kanye neziteshi zenziwa esiteji sokukhiqizwa kwazo.
Ekupheleni komsebenzi ohlobene nedivaysi yezokuxhumana yobunjiniyela, ukufudumeza okufuphezelayo, amapayipi amanzi namapayipi epayipi, ucingo lwe-wire. Le misebenzi yenze ukubuka izinyathelo ezaziwayo. Konke ukushiyeka okutholakele kwaqedwa lapho, bese ubheka kabusha ikhwalithi ekhuphukayo.
Umhlobiso wangaphandle weNdlu wawuhlanganisa ekwakheni ukubhekana nobumbano kusuka ezitini eziyize ze-ceramic. Ifakwe ku-2-cm ngegebe lamaphaneli odonga ngo-5 cm. Ukungena komoya omncane phakathi kwamaphaneli abhekene namaphaneli (kufaka phakathi ukufakwa okugcwele) emigqeni ephansi nangaphezulu kwe-masonry, amasheya aphezulu ashiywe phakathi kwezitini 8-10 mm ububanzi. Babesendaweni emine ngenhla nangaphansi kwawo wonke ama-4 m.
Ukuqhekeka kwezitini kwabekwa kwikhambi kuPolkirpich. Emva kwayo yonke imigqa emihlanu, ama-masonry aqiniswa ngensimbi yensimbi (kusuka ocingweni onobubanzi obungu-5 mm) futhi afakwe ngamaphaneli odonga olufakiwe ngama-clemas ensimbi, ukuwafaka ngemuva kodonga lwase-Order. (Ama-Clammers agobekile nge-angle efanelekile yomugqa wensimbi ephahleni engu-3-5 cm ububanzi nobude obuyi-15-20 cm.) Ingxenye eyodwa yeKlammer yafakwa ngesikhafu ephaneli, enye yayingaphezu kokuqina igridi.
Ekufanisweni, ukwakhiwa kwegalaji yezitini eliseduze nendlwana eyakhiwe kuyo emdwebeni owodwa. Ezindaweni zokuhlangana kwezindonga zegaraji ngodonga lwendlu emugqeni ngamunye weMasonry kwahlela ukugqoka kwazo. Phezu kwenye yezindonga zangempela, kwaba nokuvulwa okuncane komoya omncane wegumbi.
Ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi ekuqothulweni kwangaphandle kwesakhiwo, ukuxhuma nokuhlola ikhwalithi yokufakwa kwezokuxhumana zobunjiniyela, bashintshele emhlobisweni wendlu yangaphakathi.
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwezindleko zomsebenzi nezinto zokwakha indlu ngendawo ephelele yango-189 m2
| Igama lemisebenzi | Amayunithi. phendula | Inombolo ye | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi weSisekelo | ||||
| Kuthatha izembe, ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuphumula | M3. | 78. | ishumi nesishayagalombili | 1404. |
| Isizinda Sesisekelo Sethulo | M2. | 145. | 3. | 435. |
| Ukwakheka kwezisekelo zamakholomu | M3. | ishumi nanye | 40. | 440. |
| Ukufakwa kwemishayo yensimbi, ama-Riglels | T. | 3. | 200. | 600. |
| Ukufakwa kwama-slabs we-snderlaps | M2. | 143. | isishiyagalolunye | 1287. |
| Ukuvuleka kwamanzi okuvundlile futhi okulandelayo | M2. | 170. | 3. | 510. |
| Ingqikithi: | 4680. | |||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | ||||
| Isisekelo esiqinisiwe sekhonkrithi | PC. | 28. | 90. | 2520. |
| Amapuleti we-PC ngaphezulu | M2. | 143. | 28. | 4004. |
| Imishayo kanye nokuhanjiswa kwendle | T. | 3. | 610. | 1830. |
| I-Bituminous Polymer Mastic, Hydrohotellol | M2. | 320. | 3. | 960. |
| Ingqikithi: | 9310 | |||
| Izindonga, ukwahlukaniswa, ukunqwabelana, ukuphapha | ||||
| Ukufakwa kanye nokudiliza kwe-scaffolding | M2. | 170. | 3,4. | 578. |
| IKhabhinethi yohlaka lwezindodo zangaphandle ezivuthayo, idivaysi yohlaka lwezinhlaka ezinogqozi, ngaphezulu, ukufakwa kokwakheka kwe-rafter | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | okukodwa | - | 8300. |
| Ukufakwa kwezindonga zokufakwa kwezindonga | M2. | 180. | 2. | 360. |
| Izitini zibheke ebusweni be-extender | M2. | 180. | ishumi nesithupha | I-2880. |
| Insiza kakhonkolo | M2. | 144. | Okuthenyalwayo | 1440. |
| Ukugcwalisa amabhlogo okuvula | M2. | 67. | 35. | 2345. |
| Ukufakwa kweminyango yegaraji | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | okukodwa | 1400. | 1400. |
| Idivayisi ye-vaporizolation yekhambi | M2. | 190. | 3. | 570. |
| Ingqikithi: | 17 876. | |||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | ||||
| Izakhi Zokwakhiwa (Izindonga, Ukuhlukaniswa, Ukudlula, Frontines) | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | okukodwa | - | 33280. |
| UBrick Ceramic ubhekene | izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane. | isishiyagalolunye | 318. | I-2862. |
| Ukhonkolo esindayo | M3. | ishumi nanhlanu | 62. | 930. |
| I-PSB-C polystyrere Foam | M3. | 13.3 | amashumi amahlanu | 665. |
| Paro-, Wind-, amafilimu we-hydraulic | M2. | 190. | 1.5 | 285. |
| Iwindows kanye ne-Door Blocks | M2. | 67. | 190. | 12730. |
| Isango LaseGarage | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | okukodwa | - | 1700. |
| Uhlelo lokukhipha | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | okukodwa | 1600. | 1600. |
| Ingqikithi: | 52 450. | |||
| Izinhlelo Zobunjiniyela | ||||
| Ukufakwa kwemishini ye-boiler | - | 1100. | ||
| Umsebenzi wamapayipi | - | 1900. | ||
| Umsebenzi Wokufakwa Kagesi | - | I-2800. | ||
| Ingqikithi: | 5800. | |||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | ||||
| Imishini ye-boiler (Germany) | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 5200. | ||
| Ama-radiator, ama-relulators okushisa (iJalimane), ukuphuma kwe-podding | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 3500. | ||
| I-Pipe White (Germany), ukufakwa, ipayipi le-PVC, amathayi | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 490. | ||
| Isibhakela, okuzenzakalelayo, i-Uzo, imishini kagesi (Germany) | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | 840. | ||
| Ingqikithi: | 10 030. | |||
| Izindleko eziphelele zomsebenzi: | 28 356. | |||
| Izindleko zezinto zokwakha: | 71 790. | |||
| Ingqikithi: | 100 146. |
Abahleli bayabonga inkampani yabaphathi ethi "Guadomstroy" yokuhlela izithombe esikhungweni kanye nokubonisana ngobuchwepheshe bokwakha.