Overview of microwave ovens: device functions, microwave emission issues, malfunction diagnostics, care tips.
1 - waveguide;
2 - body;
3 - Magnetron;
4 - fan;
5 - power supply;
6 - Rotating Stand;
7 - dishes;
8 - microwave waves;
9 - Working Camera
When cleaning the working chamber (A, b), make sure that the water does not get into the ventilation holes
Many hostess have already forgotten about plates, cooking panels, ovens and fully trusted cooking microwave ovens. In view: it takes little space, has a large set of functions and saves time - this is quite enough for those engaged, always hurrying people. Let's figure out how the device works, what functions is how safely used microwave radiation.
Although some owners have taken a microwave oven the role of a brass cabinet, it prepares on a completely unusual principle. Products are heat treatment under the influence of electromagnetic microwaves (they are also called ultrahigh-frequency-microwave), without the help of heating elements. Microwaves are heated not to the food itself, and the liquid contained in it, forcing its molecules to move in a fast pace. This entails an increase in fluid temperature and, as a result, solid components of products. Water evaporates, rising up in the form of a couple, which, in turn, also contributes to heat treatment. It is believed that with this method of preparation, it retains natural moisture, vitamins and salts.
There are no little things
Do not put tightly closed containers in the microwave, do not put eggs, nuts in the shell. When overheating, they can explode and damage the device.
Products in the peel (sausages, tomatoes, apples IT.P.) are also able to explode. So that this does not happen, you must pierce the shell of the product before putting it in the oven.
Sly apparatus
Let's find out where the microwave waves come from. The heart of the furnace is a special device, the so-called magnetron. It converts the electrical energy of the network into the microwave, which is in special channels (waveguides) in the working chamber made of metal. Through it, the microwave waves penetrate themselves are not capable - they repeatedly reflected from the walls of the chamber, and they "take" the prepared food. That is why it is impossible to include an empty microwave oven - it will not be a "receiver" in it, and this can lead to its breakdown.
Better plate?
Cheaper and prepares faster
Takes less space
Air in the kitchen is not
Heats up.
Microwaves penetrate the product for only 2-3cm, heating only the top layer, inside the heating occurs due to heat transfer in the product itself. However, the heat treatment of the dish in a furnace, not equipped with special devices, is not even uniformly: first, the walls of the chamber reflect microwaves randomly, so on some part of the food can get a reinforced radiation dose, and it is not enough to another part; Secondly, products and dishes are different dielectric properties at each point and unequal forms. To correct the situation, the instruments are supplied with a rotary round support or a rotating wave distributor (most often the impeller with blades). The stand makes turns along with the dish so that it is processed by waves from different sides. Distributor HMT 85M650 (Bosch, Germany), MH-6346RF / S (LG, Korea) - located below (in other models it can be from above) the working chamber and covers the panel. Its blades redirect waves to the sides, and they evenly spread through the chamber, better prudes. Principle for cooking does not matter which technology is applied in the microwave. But in the instrument with dispenser, dishes is still, so it does not have to be round and can occupy the entire area of the bottom of the camera. It is very convenient when preparing a row of dishes (bird, long fish).
On guard of security
The principle of the action of the throttle is as follows. The dimensions of the cross section of the groove and its location on the door relative to the opening chamber is such that only the so-called standing waves of the microwave field occur on the inner surface of the door. Moreover, their "nodal" points, that is, points with a minimal AM-slab, come on the slot around the perimeter of the chamber. This "zero" of the field values and means that the waves are not going on, they are caught by the microwave choke, like a trap. But low-intensity waves (non-working length) are able to "slip" through the gap. However, the leak does not exceed the permissible norms of 10 μW / cm2.
A special conversation deserves the door of the furnace. It provides, on the one hand, the possibility of observing the process of processing food, and on the other, reliable protection against radiation. Microwaves can penetrate out through the slots, which are almost always between the housing and the door: the dense contact of these parts throughout the perimeter over a long period of operation is difficult to ensure. Such a "leak" is designed to prevent a special device in the door-microwave choke. It has the appearance of a closed groove in the door passing throughout the perimeter of its contact with the case, and does not allow the "break out" waves.
Increased background radiation in most cases is caused by an increase in the gap between the door and the front plane of the chamber. The set of a regular sheet of paper is easy to determine whether the clearance corresponds to the required parameters. If between the door and the sheet body passes with an effort or not passes at all, it means everything is in order. If he enters freely, the gap should be reduced. Its value is necessary to set the same door to the entire perimeter, and this must be entrusted by a service personnel.
Microwave - source of electromagnetic field, like a mobile phone, and TV. The radiation is generated inside it, due to which the products are heated. This radiation is definitely represents the danger to the health of people. Now most of the models are equipped with reliable protection against "leakage" microwaves. Since only meager share is penetrating outside the chamber, the risk is minimized. According to Russian hygienic regulations (MSangins 001-96), the permissible level of intensity of electromagnetic radiation, which can "break out" to the outside, is 10 MCW / CM2, subject to measurement at a distance of 50 5 cm. Foreign norms are less strict and constitute for the population of 5 MW / cm2 at a distance of 5 cm. All microwave furnaces entering shops are certified in the manufacturer's country, and must also undergo compulsory certification in Russia. Calcuting other characteristics, special attention is paid to security, check the level of radiation. To be confident that you acquire a harmless and proven device, ask for a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on this product.
A whole mass of various studies has been carried out, but the effect of the SC-EFFs spectrum on human health is not sufficiently studied, and it is impossible to say with confidence that you will be fully safe. It is possible that the prolonged impact of even such a "certified" radiation will negatively affect the health of particularly sensitive people, they may have any so-called remote consequences.
By the way, the most "weak" stove is the door. Radiation can penetrate through it, because, despite the protection, the multiple opening / closing of the door can lead to a violation of shielding. Also, with a long operation, cracks on the housing, a loosely closed door is likely to leak microwave radiation with a significant excess of the norms, which represents a potential health hazard. Therefore, with the device, it is necessary to contact very carefully, to ensure that it does not fall, the door closed tightly, there was no cracks of IT.P. With any damage to the case, you must immediately contact the technical center. If there is no visible problem, but you still worries the condition of the furnace, do not try to install yourself, whether the radiation is normal, "it will not succeed to you, because it is called," without taste, without color, without smell. " Therefore, call specialists from Rospotrebnadzor, which will determine using special devices, does not exceed the radiation from your oven permissible norms. Avot trust various indicators, "promising" that you yourself will be able to check the oven, it is not worth it.
But it is not necessary to be afraid to eat foods cooked in a microwave oven, since radiation does not have a negative way. Judge the ban warp breast milk and children's mixtures are only associated with the fact that in the furnace it is difficult to accurately adjust the power so that baby food does not lose beneficial properties under the action of high temperature. Conducting that near the furnace should not be to people with cardiomulants - only the requirement of additional security, in case there is still a leak.
Whatever they spoke about the dangers of a microwave oven, until in our country, no anywhere in the world in the world, when someone suffered from radiation microwave. Nevertheless, theoretically, even if you simply do not follow a safe distance (not less than 50 cm) and sit close to a working oven, it may (although it is not necessary) to affect the nervous, cardiovascular, immune systems.
Nina Rubtsova,
Doctor of Biological Sciences
Leading Researcher of the State Medicine Medicine Ramna
Mode Object
Before buying a microwave it is important to decide for what purpose you need it. Just defrosting and warm up products? Then it is quite possible to do with the MFC regime. It is only worth putting inside the product, choose its name and weight on the control panel and after a few minutes (depending on the mass of the product) you will get it already frostable. Heating will also deliver only pleasure. If on the plate the contents of the dishes need to be stirred for uniform warming up, then the food becomes hot and without your participation in the microwave oven. Alumens of culinary sings and the so-called crispy grill are needed: food to taste will be similar to the cooked in the oven or on the open fire. The grill is the heating element, most often located under the "ceiling" of the microwave oven. The dish to it closer is closer, the more roasted it will turn out (height is regulated using special rearranged gratings). There are two types of grills: penny and quartz. The first is a metal tube, inside which is the heating element. Extracting devices, such as MH 685 HD (LG, Korea), can be moved depending on the form of the product (raise, lower, tilt and even install along the back wall). Minus, that it takes part of the camera space and makes it difficult to clean. In the second case, this quartz lamp is usually hidden in the ceiling of the camera. Such a grill heats up faster, requires less space, and it is easier to clean it.
Microwave Furnace Door Device
The microwave door has a multilayer design. An important element is a thin perforated metal sheet, reflective waves into the chamber. The dimensions of its holes do not exceed 3mm, and the amplitude of the wave is 10-15mm, which practically eliminates the penetration of microwave energy outwards. But non-working waves can pass through the holes.
2. Glass or plastic.
3. Perforated metal sheet.
4. Glass or plastic.
In addition to the microwave radiation and the grill in the microwave there is another useful feature: convection mode. It is necessary in order to indulge himself with fresh pastries, and is still good for cooking meat and birds. The principle of operation is: with the help of an additional heating element, the air in the chamber is heated, and the fan moves it to a more uniform roasted. Most often, convection mode is combined with microwaves, which speeds up the process of heat treatment of any dish.
Now the manufacturers offer a wide range of microwave ovens, and you can choose what you can choose. Want only microwave, please: NN-S215W (Panasonic, Japan), MW 211 F (Ariston, Italy). You wish the microwave with grip, there are no problems: EMWG 8605.0 (Kppersbusch, Germany), MIC 303 EX (Candy, Italy). Dream about microwave grill and convection- Everything for you: MCC 4060 EM (AEG, Germany), HBC 86Q650E (BOSCH), MWAZ 323 IX (Ariston).
Choose dishes for a microwave oven
| Material | Application * | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Porcelain | +. | With the exception of products covered with closed gilded or silver pattern (it can be sprinkled, which will turn into an arc discharge) |
| Glass | +. | Besides inexpensive glass |
| Ceramics, Faience, Clay | +. | If you are covered with icing, no chips and cracks, no metal pattern |
| Plastic | +. | In the inscription: "Thermal resistance up to 140 s" |
| Aluminum no metallic pattern | - | Waves will be reflected from the foil and will not be able to penetrate the inside of products. |
| Metal dishes | - | It is impossible because reflects radiation |
| * "+" - can be used; "-"- can not use |
Perfect size
The capacity (which means that the size) of the microwave is determined on the basis of how often it is and what exactly is going to prepare. The range of volumes is quite wide: 12-41l. The smallest is suitable for those who will only occasionally defrost products or to warm up food. The bidding of impustious sizes will be useful to large families and lovers to eat delicious and abundantly. For example, you can warm up a saucepan with a soup, to fry chicken or bake pie. However, such a bulk furnace occupy a lot of locations - necessarily note that you will have to consider where you put the device. Are you ready to sacrifice part of the kitchen space? Most popularities of the middle volume (20-28 l). There are usually grilled and convection.
When choosing a microwave oven, pay attention to the microwave and grill power, as well as the maximum consumed. These parameters are most often indicated in the product description. How to figure it out in numbers? Usually, the power of microwaves and the grill is directly proportional to the volume of the chamber. That is, manufacturers provide power to which will be enough for the number of products containing into the microwave. Simply put, the higher the power, the faster the food is heated. By the way, you yourself can regulate it. For example, the minimum is suitable to heat the food, and the maximum one for the preparation of a large dish. Since the magnetron, responsible for heating, is not able to work in prisons, the minimum power is achieved due to its periodic shutdown.
The behavior of water molecules in products depending on the electromagnetic field:
A- outside the electromagnetic field, the chaotic movement of molecules occurs;
B- in the permanent field of the molecule would have turned together with a plus to minus, and a minus to the plus;
In the high-frequency variable field of the microwave oven molecules moving in a fast pace and face each other.
The value of power consumed depends on the number of modes. In the presence of three modes, grill and convection in the microwave oven, it is maximum. So, first of all, it should be found out if the outlets will withstand such a load. It "beats" and on the wallet: the higher the power, the more significant account for electricity.
Choosing a microwave, specify which material is covered with its inner surface. Most often in low-cost models use paint under enamel. But it does not withstand high temperatures, so there is usually no grill here. The walls are "advanced" walls cover enamel or special ceramics. Such coating is not afraid of heat, and it is easy to wash. True, and here without flaws it did not cost. If when placing the dishes to hurt the wall of the chamber, then it can be damaged. The stainless steel is afraid only dirt - with insufficient care tracks splashes from food remain on the walls.
Diagnostics of faults
| Fault | What to do? |
|---|---|
| The device does not turn on | Look, whether the power supply is connected, the door of the furnace is tightly closed, whether something is shed between the door and the case |
| Food does not heat or the process goes too slow | Check if you are not used by randomly metallic dishes, whether the time and power set correctly, and maybe just put too many products |
| Dish overwhelmed or supplemented | You may have incorrectly installed time and power for its preparation. |
| Ironing noises when working | Make sure the dishes are not in contact with the walls of the furnace, and there are no solid particles under the stand |
| From sparks in the microwave oven, something ignited (oil, fat, product packaging IT.P.) | You can not open the door. Need to turn off the furnace from the network and call technical support |
Clean
Pollution inside the chamber is best removed with a wet cloth with detergent. But you need to ensure that the water does not hit the ventilation holes, it can damage the device. The furnace window is wiped on both sides to better review content. The glass stand is clean, having previously drowned it from the furnace, and in most cases it is allowed to be placed in the dishwasher. If you do not like the smell inside the microwave, then remove it is very simple. Put a deep bowl with water in the furnace and place the lemon lolk. Turn on five minutes, wipe the camera- and odor as it did not happen.But the easiest way with the devices that have a function of self-cleaning. You just need to press the button and the microwave itself will get rid of dirt. For example, in CE 1350 RS models (Samsung, Korea) and NN-GS595AC (Panasonic) is a steam automatic cleaning system.
Myself is not a master
Independently eliminating the microwave ovens is dangerous for health, as it is associated with high-frequency radiation. We advise you to immediately call specialists. Even with an internal lighting, when, most likely, a light bulb has blown, it should be replaced by technical support.
Together fun ... cook
In the Russian market, the demand for microwave ovens is constantly growing. They produce almost all major manufacturers of household appliances. Fantasy creators leads to successful compatibility: for example, MD-6654F model (LG) - microwave and coffee maker "in one bottle". MWGD 900.1 W (Kppersbusch) eliminates the smells arising from cooking, since it is combined with an exhaust fan.
Samsung offers a GR87RS furnace model, where instead of the familiar door installed a semicircle - for larger diameter dishes.
Microwave with access to the Internet MG-5682NL (LG) - can show new recipes.
The M197DFR Emission furnace (Samsung) is built into a digital FM tuner that helps create a good mood when you cook food or just in the kitchen. Ana digital voice recorder can be recorded brief (time- up to 20 seconds) voice messages for households, as well as listen to their messages.
The editorial office thanks the representative offices of the BSH household appliances, Electrolux, LG Electronics, Whirlpool, Teka Industrial, Miele CIS, Bork Elektroniks, Matsushita Electric Industrial (Panasonic), as well as Larisa personally, the head of the department "Household appliances" GOVPO "Moscow State University Service »For help in the preparation of material.