Automatic garage doors - luxury or harsh need? Main types, design features, manufacturers, operation.
Waters of the Sectional Gate Solder is cleaned under the ceiling, not having a car entrance
Fold glazing improves garage lighting
Handles - "Buttons" of a special form for the gate
Automation stops the gate with the presence of an obstacle
A-swinging;
b, in retractable suspended;
M-skate section;
d-lifting-swivels;
e-lifting-section;
zh-lifting vertical;
z-roll (roller);
and folding
Sectional gates must rise without effort
Piene panels can be used in section gates
Sectional garage gates with wooden panels
Sandwich panels with a rough surface "Stukko"
The mass of the lifting-rotary gate cannon is bated by a spring mechanism.
A- usual;
B- with finger pin protection
Anti-burglar device: a locking disc captures the bracket of the rollers installed on the sandwich panel
The advantages of the swollen gates include simplicity and strength of the design of their sash
Sectional gate panels move on rollers by metal guides
Lateral placement of electric drive sectional gates
Constructive nodes of sectional gates:
A-Bracket for supporting springs;
b-manual drive;
B-castle, handle and valve;
G-device protection against springs break
With a large mass of sash, sectional gates can be equipped with two torsion springs
The color palette of the closet of sectional gates, in addition to the white, includes many other colors
A- inclined high rise with drum from below;
B - low rise with drum from behind;
The standard lift with the drum in front
Gate with a shield from northern ate
Easy section of sectional gates provide torsion springs
Drives for the gate
Awareness that beautiful and comfortable modern garage doors are not a luxury, and the harsh necessity comes, as a rule, suddenly, at the moment when the owner is trying to cope with the rusty castle during the next weather cataclysm. Better, nevertheless, do not wait for mercies from nature and not hope for a miracle, but take care of the arrangement of your garage in advance.
In recent decades in Europe, and now automatic garage doors have been widespread in Russia (they are also called remotely controlled). Such devices are extremely convenient for the garage owner, because they open and close by pressing the button on the control panel. No need to leave the car to open or close the gate.
But not all automatic designs are equally well coped with their responsibilities. There are many different types of devices such. Some are distinguished by reliability and durability, other permissions, third simplicity and low cost. We are going to tell the main features of the most popular types of automatic gate.
The gate opens suddenly
The rotary gates are often used in the unheated garageshaha automatic gates are divided according to the method of opening, the structures of the canvas, as well as the type of actuator forcing the sash to move. According to the method (direction) of the opening, they are divided into swing, retractable (with the upper and lower arrangement of the support beam, sectional), lifting (lifting-section, lifting-rotary, lifting-vertical, rolled rolling) and folding. Swing gates are made bivalve. Largeted cloth shifts sideways, in lifting, respectively, upwards, and in the folding - shifted by the "accordion" in one or both sides.
By the design of the canvas, the garage gates can be shield, sectional and rolled (roller). The shield is a hard frame, covered with metal sheets. The section canvas consists of several panel elements (sections), movably interconnected and having the ability to move through the guides at the time of opening or closing the gate. Rolled rolling canvas consists of small-sized plank parts (rollt, lamellae), moving connected to each other and have the ability to swell (unwound) to the drum when opening (closing).
Also, the garage doors are divided into insulated and radiant, deaf and glazed, with the door and without it. In addition, swing and folding models differ in the type of opening, outward or inside the room. In this case, all swing, retractable and folding gates can be both left or right and symmetric opening.
As for the type of actuator, the electromechanical is mainly used in everybody. Vetom case the motor through the reduction gear transmits the force to the operating mechanism opening, which in turn can be straight or curved lever arms chain mechanism, with a cable winch. The type and design of the mechanism depends on the method of opening the sash and from its own developers of drivers. The electromechanical drive is distinguished by compactness and ease of operation. Another type of drive, hydraulic, is used mainly in massive industrial gates and barriers (we will not consider it).
Buy the gate. Options are possible
In everyday life, garages are usually equipped with swing, lifting-sectional (they are often called simply sectional), lifting and rotary and rolled gates (other types are used either in industry or for street entrances to the territory). Ovsech has its advantages and disadvantages that determine the sphere of their preferential application.
Empting-turning The gate of the panel canvas rises and stacked under the ceiling with the help of a hinge and lever mechanism. The construction mass is balanced by springs installed on sides in protective covers. Due to the lack of guides, the gate opens almost silently. Among other things, such models are safer. One-piece sash is more resistant to hacking than, say, the canvas rolled gates. It can be tightly pressed against the frame, which improves the tightness of the structure. But the rotary gates also have shortcomings. The massive shield has a significant burden on the articulated and lever mechanism, which increases the rate of wear of the latter. The gate is gradually losing hermetically, and it reduces their heat-saving ability. Therefore, in order not to increase the mass, such structures are made in displeasure and offer them, mainly for cold premises. In addition, when opening or closing the gate, the canvas may accidentally touch the machine, unless, of course, leave it in dangerous proximity to the design.
Rolled gate. Very similar to the window rolling shutters. Their "sash" is collected from a narrow (up to 150mm) profiled horizontal strips (lamellae), hingedly connected to each other into a flexible canvas. It is wound on the shaft, fixed above the gateway. Such a design provides good maneuverability: the cloth rises strictly up and will never hit the car standing next to the car. The same gate is easily opened, even after a strong blizzard, when there are snow drifts. Finally, being established, they occupy very little space in the room. Votchchychi from folding, for them there are enough "blowers" (these are the protrusions on the sides of the opening, on which the parts of the carrier structure) are mounted in the amount of only 10-15 cm and height of the pitch 15-20 cm.
By maneuverability, the roll gate is not inferior to sectional, but worse they will save warm because of the large number of slots between the horizontal planks of the canvas. In addition, the thickness of the roll can be dramatically increased by the lunch of snow and ice. The aircraft can lead to the jamming of the drum and in general to break the lifting mechanism. Therefore, in conditions of medium latitudes, the rolled gates are better to use for unheated garages or apply inside the warm rooms. Although their explicit plus is that such structures can be installed for, and inside, and in front of the doorway (even in the long-standing building).
Empting-rigany The gates of the lamella canvas are equipped with supporting rollers and, moving along the guide rails, is entirely located above the ceiling (in parallel to him). Lamels are more massive here (thicker and wider) than in roll models, and it allows you to reduce the number of cracks in the canvas and improve its thermal insulation properties.
The most common type of gate at today sectional . Their canvas is collected from the panels (400-600mm width). Between the panels are connected by special hinge hinges. When opening the section, they rise through the guides, everything can be rowed under the ceiling (the option of lifting the web for the entire height is used mainly in industrial buildings).
Selection of sandwich panels for opening height 2000-2230mm
| Height opening, mm | First option | Second option |
|---|---|---|
| 2000-2020 | 500, 500, 500, 500 | 610, 500, 500, 385 |
| 2030. | - | - |
| 2040-2060 | 385, 385, 385, 385, 500 | - |
| 2070-2090. | - | - |
| 2100. | 610, 610, 500, 385 | - |
| 2110-2120 | 500, 500, 500, 610 | 610, 610, 500, 385 |
| 2130. | 500, 500, 500, 610 | - |
| 2140. | - | - |
| 2150-2170 | 385, 385, 385, 500, 500 | 385, 385, 385, 385, 610 |
| 2180-2200. | - | - |
| 2210. | 610, 610, 610, 385 | - |
| 2220-2230. | 610, 610, 610, 385 | 500, 610, 610, 500 |
Calculation of the value of the sectional doors (according to the company "Svyatogor Rus")
| Name of design or type of work | Cost, $ |
|---|---|
| Sandwich panels canvas 28002300mm | 1060. |
| Electric drive (Came, Italy) | 350. |
| Remote control system | 36. |
| Installation | 290. |
| Delivery | Included in the cost of mounting |
| TOTAL | 1736. |
We are not terrible
What requirements are presented to the garage gate especially often? First of all, the safety of the design. According to European safety standards, EN12604 and domestic GOST31174-2003, the design should exclude the possibility of injury to the heavy sash or pinching the fingers between the moving elements of the canvas. This is achieved by equipping the gate with additional security systems that are protected, for example, an array of cloth of sectional or lifting and rolling mechanisms from the fall when the cable break. The designs of all types should be in their composition of the device that limit the movement of their cliffs in a specified (safe) range. Protection against pinching fingers is provided with a special form profile, in which the gap between movable elements does not exceed 4mm. In addition, the automated gate with electrical locking mechanisms should have spare, duplicate locking devices that would be defused both when driven by the electric drive, and in the absence of electricity (so that the hosts do not have to be lit outside or, worse, sit inside the closed garage).Security implies measures to protect against unauthorized penetration into the garage. In resistance to hacking, the gate, of course, cannot be compared with the door of the bank safe. Therefore, most manufacturers are delicately bypassing the question: "How many minutes will required a hacker to open the garage?" The largest strength is the models with monolithic flap-swing and lifting-rotating.
As for the issue of heat shields, the gate, insulated by polyurethane foam, manifest itself quite worthy. Thus, the LPU 40 HRMANN (Germany) sandwich panels provide heat transfer resistance equal to 2 m2c / W, and the entire design on them is about 1.05m2c / W. This indicator is higher than many windscreen windows. Aluma Shield (USA) of the canvas hold heat almost like our rustic huts (RO = 2.07-2.64M2C / W), and the thermoplus model with a thickness of 76mm and RO = 4.52M2C / W will save the heat of the garage as reliably as Refrigerated frost.
Gate, lift!
If desired, the sectional doors can be completely "glazed" to stop more on the design of the sectional gate. Their panel elements are made of the so-called sandwich panels with a thickness of 20mm (the "cold gate" option) to 35-45mm ("warm designs") and a height of 385, 500 and 610 mm. Using panels of different height simplifies the process of selecting the web of strictly defined sizes. But, considering various combinations, it is important to take into account that in height of the canvas should be slightly more opening - by 25-50mm. It is necessary to ensure the tight fit of the panel to the top of the opening. Here, for example, what the options for selecting panels for the gate of 2000-2230mm with a height of 2000-2230mm. Please note that, depending on the height of the opening, there may be one or more options for configuring the web with sandwich panels or do not exist at all. Therefore, when planning a garage, it is better to choose the technologically most correct height of the opening.
The outer layer of the sandwich panel consists of a steel galvanized sheet with a thickness of only about 0.5mm, less often 0.7 and 1mm (Aluma Shield, Normstahl, Germany). A polyester coating of a wide range of colors is applied to its outer side. Inside the panel is filled with high density polyurethane foam, which serves to save heat in the garage room (thermal resistance of the panel is equivalent to brickwork 1-1,5 brick thickness). The heat-saving abilities of the entire design depend on the design of the panels. Thus, Doorhan (Russia) offers a sandwich panel, the outer and the inner surface of which is two steel sheets, isolated from each other by the thermal store. Due to this, the so-called "Bridge of Cold" is completely excluded here - the main cause of heat loss in metal enclosing structures.
The steel surface of the panels can be smooth, painted in various colors or embossed, strain, decorated under the tree. Also, the so-called panoramic panels with glazed (hermetic double-chamber glass) can be installed at the gate. Sectional doors allow you to close the garage openings are quite large widths - up to 6-8m. High sound can be achieved 5-6m. The reserve is more than sufficient not only for a car, but even for the bus.
The design of the sandwich panels should be such that the random pinching of the fingers completely excluded (it is especially important where there are small children). Such a safe profile is designed and manufactured by HRMANN, Normstahl and Doorhan. The structure of the lower edge of the canvas is also very important, which should exclude the appearance of the gate to the floor. To do this, the edge is performed from flexible rubber, although the device with electric heating will be the best outlet of the position, as well as a similar access road and a protective visor above the gate.
Compensation of the mass of the sectional door web is performed using a special mechanism consisting of a torsion spring assembly with a shaft, drum and a springs breaking device. Thanks to him, the sectional doors of any size are opened without much effort. The torque of the spring is selected so that with the shield closed gates, the shield does not raise spontaneously, and when open, it was not lowered. Therefore, the power of electric drives in the garage gate is small to 0.5 kW. The drive gearbox is connected to the top of the web using a drive gear belt, cable or chain.
The mutual arrangement of structural nodes depends on the features of the garage room. Specialists offer a choice of several schemes of the possible design of the gate: with a vertical, inclined or horizontal fixation of the raised web, a high or low arrangement of the shaft with a torsion spring IT.D. Such a variety guarantees that, no matter how difficult the form of the room, and it will have its own scheme of the gate (only it can cost 10-30% more expensive). Most often an option is used with the horizontal arrangement of the raised web and the placement of the torsion mechanism over the proloce. Such a design is relatively inexpensive (about $ 200 per 1m2) and is suitable for most garages with a small margin in the height of the ceiling and arrive around 35-50cm.
Some economic geography
For the garage gates in a residential building, a silent workshop of companies is important to choose from several options for picking the gate. This is, firstly, domestic models (collected in Russia using domestic component-sandwich panels, metal profile, springs and other parts), then models collected in Russia from imported parts (partially or completely), and finally completely Foreign samples. The last option is rarely found, since the delivery in the finished form sharply increases the cost of goods (B3-4 times). Solid side, the quality of the manufacture of such gates is the highest. As for the designs of the domestic assembly, their quality largely depends on the specific manufacturer, the experience of its work in the Russian market and production volumes.
Today, our market is most widely represented automatic gates made in Russia, but using imported materials and components (sandwich panels, torsion shafts and springs IT.). Among the manufacturers of the latter it is necessary to name HRMANN, NORMSTAHL, DITEC S.P.A., BREMET (Italy). As for the electric drives, the products of Italian firms Came, Faac, Nice, Daspi, German Bernal, Marantec, Somfy, Dutch Flexiforce and the American Chamberlain Group (LiftMaster) are popular here. From domestic companies produce and install automatic garage doorhan gates (Russian manufacturers of sandwich panels for sectional doors), "ABB", "Vesta", "Euromaster", "Eurostil", "Rusdol", "Svyatogor Rus", "servo", "Stinky", smile gate idre.
How much is the manufacture and setting the gate? It all depends on the characteristics of the design, the material used and the size of the overlapping span of the garage. As practice shows, the cost of manufacturing, delivery and installation of the product is usually $ 1000-20. About 60% of the total is spent on the web.
Rolled or lifting-swivel gates will cost the customer by 15-20% cheaper. The use of colored or decorated panel panels (viper or structured wood), on the contrary, leads to an increase in the cost of sectional models by about 5%. The installation of a paneramic glazation panel will turn into an additional $ 150-200, and the equipment of the canvas with a folding door-wicket will increase the cost of the gate of $ 500-700.
Useful accessories
Accessories for commercial chain-teller ease of operation The gate is equipped with a remote control system, a mechanical opening device of the sash, windows, wickets and an automatic security system that blocks the web in case of a freelance. All of these accessories can be included in the set of gates, but often they have to be ordered separately. At the same time, the cost of a fully equipped gate increases very noticeably up to 50%.
The mechanisms of protection against cable cliff and springs should be included in the set of gates at mandatory (according to GOST31174-2003). Use without them the gate is prohibited and unsafe. In the event of a malfunction of the cloth sectional garage gates simply stops and freezes, but does not fall. Including additional options can be mounted gate blocking systems with infrared motion sensors. They act in the same way as photocells in the metro turnstiles, however, "with exactly the opposite": if a moving object appears in the sensor's action zone, the gate cease to descend. Locking systems are especially needed where there are small children or animals. Cost - $ 20-30.
Another option to ensure safety is the placement of a pair of photocells inside the hollow rubber sealing of the bottom edge of the door of the gate. When a collision with an obstacle, the seal is deformed and blocks the path to the light beam passing inside it. The photocell gives a signal to the control device, and the drive turns off. Such a system is convenient because it reacts to fixed items, randomly left in the movement zone of the gate (for example, an incorrectly parked car).
Planning the installation of an automatic gate in the garage, it is necessary to provide and the ability to manually open the sash when the electricity is turned off. To do this, the gate is equipped with an additional device that disconnects the drive thrust from the web (supplied for a fee). In power supply interruptions, heated drives (for example, from Smile Gate) can be advantageous (for example, from SMILE GATE). For convenience, the garages are often equipped with a gate door, which a number of firms are proposed to install in the section of the sectional gate.
Handmade tricks
When replacing the old sectional gates, painting workpecialists are unanimous in the opinion that the products even the highest quality can be spoiled with illiterate and non-accurate installation. Therefore, at the services of professional installers it is impossible to save. The easiest way to contact the well-proven masters, spinging someone from friends a qualitatively installed garage gate. However, if such a gate "in the visibility zone" is not observed, it is better not to risk and contact a large company with extensive experience and an impressive list of objects.
Mounting technology depends on the design and dimensions of the gate. The main difficulty lies in the need to accurately put the frame and guides, avoiding the skew of the canvas. Especially important accuracy when measuring the opening.
Knasorely common errors when installing an automatic gate include an improper definition of the zero floor marker. As a rule, the entire design is set taking into account the final interior decoration of the garage room. Therefore, if the floor level has been defined incorrectly (overestimated), then it may turn out that the gate is not completely closed by the opening, leaving the bottom slot in several centimeters at the bottom. It is usually unable to fix one defects alone only to a simple reconfiguration of the lifting mechanism, sometimes you have to remove the gate and re-establish. Especially capricious in this regard of the design of the lifting-turning type that do not tolerate none of the "understated" nor "overestimated" level of the floor.
Another common error is the leading of too small space to accommodate automatic gates. Often, the owners think about them after the construction of the garage. It also happens that the lateral blowers are too narrow, and the perts are too low, which complicates and increases the cost of the work (on average by 10-30%). Therefore, by planning the garage room, you must lay in advance the cereals and sufficient values of sufficient value (on the sides-15-20cm, from above-20-30 cm), even if you are not going to install the automatic gate at once. Costs will increase slightly, but in the future you will relieve yourself from unnecessary trouble and material costs.
At the end of the installation, it is necessary to remove the protective film from the panels. Then it will be difficult to remove it enough, and this "small defect" will be for a long time to call you eyes.
What can be saved on the arrangement of the garage gate? Some amount will be able to save even at the stage of designing the garage, planning the width and height of the opening so that for its overlap the minimum of sandwich panels (we have already spoken about the blowers and pertolock). If there is little money in the budget, and the gate is needed, you can do without a manual drive, and automation to postpone for later (minus another $ 200-300). However, it is important to keep in mind that the selection of the drive must be carried out taking into account not only the mass of the web and the working range of temperatures, but also the frequency of the opening of the gate. A low-power engine in intensive mode may not transfer the load that withstands with a single turn on.
Finally, the most accurate and lean owners can carry out the installation of the gate independently, the finished kits offers the company Doorhan. A gate series includes 121 set of sectional models for all the most popular garage openings. The cost of the set is 350 (without an electric drive).
Under all the rules of installation, the automatic gate is able to serve faithfully tens of years old - just like their fairy-tale ancestor who submitted to the team "Sesame, Open!"
The editors thanks doorhan, "Svyatogor Rus", "ABB", "Rusdol", "Strastroy", Smile Gate for help in preparing the material.