Mitundu ya chimnes kuti awonetsetse chitetezo cha nyumba ya dziko. Tebulo lofananira.
Chingwe cha njerwa nthawi zina sichimatha kuthana ndi asidi, opangidwa mukamagwira ntchito ndi mafuta amafuta ndi mafuta amafuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito "sangweji" kumasinthira kapangidwe kake kake kudzera padenga la osamba
Ndandanda kuti mudziwe kutalika kwa mapaipi a flue a boiler
Ndandanda kuti mudziwe kutalika kwa mapaipi a flue amoto
Mvula yankhondo yakale imatha kuperekedwa ndi moyo watsopano pogwiritsa ntchito polymer anter yothamanga mpaka kutentha kwa 250C
Chubu choopsa njerwa chimafunikira maziko ndipo limapangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi makoma
Chimneya cha ceramula chimakhala chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mapati owoneka bwino amachitika pamtunda wotsutsana ndi acid. Ma module amatha kukhala njira ziwiri
Ma rackl a- Anumele a mpweya wa utsi kuchokera kumafuta aliwonse;
Blue - kwa makona amakona akona ndi ma shegation a pikha m'malo opsinjika
A- Dinani 45 Osakhalitsa;
b-chitoliro chokhala ndi chete;
Kutsata;
Trubsaya Hhimut;
Kuwirikiza 135 ndi pulagi yotsika kawiri;
Kukula 90 ndi pulagi
Chimney kuchokera kwa otenthetsa ndi chigoba chakunja chakunja chimayenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pa zaka 4
Module ya Economizer imawonjezera mphamvu ya chotenthetsera chopereka, ndikuwotcha kutentha kwa mpweya wotuluka wa bafa
Ngakhale "sangweji" yokhala ndi kutentha pansi pamoto pansi pa mikhalidwe yamoto iyenera kuteteza kuchokera pakhoma lamatabwa osachepera 200mm
Ndi gawo la chimphepo champhamvu kwambiri kudzera m'makoma a zinthu zoyaka pamalo omwe ali mozungulira chitoliro, kusanjikiza kwa mafuta ophatikizika kuyenera kukulungidwa ndi pie "- kutentha kwamiyendo + Zitsulo zachitsulo (kutalika kwake sikochepera 130mm)
Mwini nyumbayo adakana kukakamira chubu cha glovu mothandizidwa ndi malo otambasulira. Zotsatira zachisoni sizinazengereze kukhudza
Bulu la Kumanga kwa dzikolo limaseweredwa ndi eni nyumba ambiri a Dack: Samakayikira kuti "woyenda pang'onopang'ono" adayikidwa m'malo awo. Kuopsa kumabisika popanga chinthu cholakwika cha chinthu chodziwika bwino chotere ndi chimney. Ndikosavuta kukhulupirira, koma ziwerengero za utumiki wa zochitika mwadzidzidzi nepaimu ndi miyoyo ndi mamiliyoni a zotayika pa bondo ndi zotuluka za kaboni monoxide chifukwa cha zolephera mu ntchito ya Chimneys. Kodi mungapewe bwanji izi?
Utsi ndi chitoliro: Zovuta zomveka
Zaka mazana ambiri, chimney ankatumikira mwamuna nthawi zonse. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka. Zowona, nthawi yomweyo chijali chinayenera kuletsa nyali yowuma yamoto ndi utsi, koma anthu anali ataphunzira kale kuti ali ndi makina odalirika, ogwiritsira ntchito bwino. Zinsinsi za zinsinsi zowopsa zinkawoneka kuti pali chigonjetso chopambana, ndi zida zambiri, zikukula ngati bowa, nyumba ndi amakampani amakono. Koma zidapezeka kuti njira yatsopano imafunikira matekinoloji ena pomanga. Izi zidawuka ngati kuti sizikupezeka kwa ankhondo omwe ali ndi mabwana akulu akuluakulu omwe amachita zomwe amachita zomwe amachita ndi zonse, sakanakhoza kudziwa. Womangidwa mwa wokalambayo. Nthawi zonse zimayenda bwino. Zotsatira za AVRARA zokhala ndi zomwe sizikhala ndi akatswiri zingakhale zovuta ngati kuwonongeka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chipongwe cha zigawo zosayenera chifukwa cha magawo osayenera, geometry kapena mtundu wa chimney; Skirning malo okhala ndi poyizoni wa kaboni monoxide chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi zochitika zomanga ndi kukhazikitsa, komanso Mulungu! - Moto. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a njerwa kufalikira, chifukwa zinachitika, sizikhala zikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi zikhulupiriro zotenthetsera. Mapangidwe ndi zinthu za chimney zimatengera mtundu wa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita kutentha. Koma chimtchire ndipo tsopano ndizothandiza kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mukamayaka mafuta okhazikika (nkhuni zowotcha, zoyaka moto ndi malo osamba zimanyamula ma boilers). Makamaka popeza njerwa imaphatikizidwa mwamwambo ndi mawonekedwe a nyumba iliyonse. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zamakono nyumba zokhalamo kumapereka kapena pa mafuta kapena mafuta amadzimadzi, kapena kuphatikiza. Pogwiritsa ntchito iwo, nthenga zambiri zamadzi zimapangidwa (1.5 lita imodzi yamadzi pa mpweya wa 1M3) kuposa pomwe poyaka, mwachitsanzo, nkhuni zamoto. Iyo imasintha kwambiri "mikhalidwe" ya chitrone.Ndi ntchito yosangalatsa ya obowola ndi chimfine chofunda, kutentha kwa zinthu zoyaka ku Chimney kufika 150-200 ° C, ndi pokomera pakamwa pake-ndi 30-170c, koma apa mabowo amadzi anyamula kale Ndi utsi wa utsi m'mlengalenga. Komabe, ngati pazifukwa zina mwangozi wa njira, kutentha kwa mame otchedwa dew poss adatsikira pansi, nthunzi imayamba kufooka ndikukhazikika pamakoma amtundu wa madontho. Kuikira kutentha kwa mipweya yobwerayo mukamayaka mafuta owotcha ndi 50-55c, mafuta a madzi, 45s, mitengo - 30c-25c.
Mu nyengo yozizira, ngati chimney wasokonekera, kuphatikizika kwa chinyezi kumachitika mkati mwake. Sulfur, nayitrogeni ndi kaboni makosimita amapangidwa ndi mafuta, kulumikizidwa ndi nthenga zamadzi, mawonekedwe a ma acid ndi zosakanizira kwambiri. Ili ndi zoopsa zowonjezera, izi ndi nyengo yozizira - chifukwa cha kunyowa mosiyanasiyana komanso kutsuka chinyezi kumtunda (pakamwa) kwa chitoliro. Acids akuyamba kuwononga mosadukiza (nthawi zina pambuyo pa zaka 3-4) ndipo woyamba seams pomwe kutayikira komwe kumatuluka, ndi kumakoma a uvuni kapena kutsika kwakukunja.
Masiku ano, ntchito yomanga chimney osaganizira za zochitika za bolodi ya boiler-chizindikiro cha osagwirizana ndi wopanga. Kutalika ndi gawo la utsi wa utsi amadalira mwachindunji pamtundu wamafuta ndi mphamvu. Pali matebulo apadera ndi ma graph kuti avomerezedwe kwawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana za zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito zotenthetsera. Chifukwa chake, ma boiler ena ali ndi zipinda zotsekedwa zotsekedwa, panthawi yomwe kugwirira ntchito pang'ono kumapangidwa mu chimney. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kulimba kwa njira, apo ayi chiopsezo chamoto chikuwonjezeka.
Ambiri mwa operekera ma boilers ali ndi owotcha okha, omwe amakonzanso kutentha kwamadzi kumachitika pa "Start-Stone Stock-Stone" yoletsa ". Makinawa amasintha kwambiri magawo a mpweya wotuluka. Kuchulukitsa kwawo komanso kutentha kwawo kumakhala kotsika, ndipo chinyezi, m'malo mwake, ndichokwera kuposa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta oyaka. Chifukwa chake, kutentha mkati mwa chimponya. Kutsatira nyimbo za zophatikizika ndi zopota za burner, chitoliro chikuyamba kutentha komanso kuzizira. Kutalika kwa madontho oterowo kumatengera mtundu wa zomwe amapangidwa, komanso pamlingo wa madzi amvula. Zipangizo zina zimakhazikika mwachangu komanso zidakhazikika mwachangu, ena, m'malo mwake. Kuthamanga kwachangu kwa makoma a chitoliro kukukwera, kumafupikira gawo la nthawi yomwe kumatha kukhazikitsidwa.
Mpweya woyaka, wochokera ku zopulumutsa kwambiri zopulumutsa kwambiri, zotchedwa kutentha kwambiri, makamaka zophatikiza, zimagwera mu chimfine pamtunda wochepa kwambiri - 110-130c. Chifukwa cha izi, pamakhala zambiri mu chitoliro, "mtsinje" lonse, motero ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa dongosolo la kusalowerera ndi kutulutsa mu suwer. Momwemonso, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa utsi, mu chitoliro nthawi zina kumakhala kopanda tanthauzo, ndipo mpweya umayenera kukankha ndi fan (utsi). Kutalika kumatanthauza kuti chitolirocho chikuyenera kupangidwa gasi. Chifukwa chake, matenthedwe otsika-otentha nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ndi chimfine kale.
Choyamba ndi vuto la ntchentche za ku Europe ndi America kubwerera m'ma 50s cha zaka zana zapitazi. Apeous yemwe anali mnzake anali kampani ya American Selkirk, yomwe idafotokoza njira yake yamakono ndikukonzanso mabarisi a njerwa. Lingaliro linali losavuta komanso lothandiza. Idafunsidwa kuti ikhazikitse chubu chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosakanizidwa cha acid, chomwe sichingachititse zotsatira zake.
Masiku ano, kupangidwa kwa chingachi chitsulo moder kwalar kwasandulika padziko lonse lapansi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito osati kukweza mapaipi a njerwa omwe alipo kale, komanso monga zida zosiyanitsa zokha za malo omwewo, mikangano ndi mitundu yonse yothira nyumba zatsopano zomangamanga. Tsopano malowa ndiabwino kwambiri pamadenga azomwe mumazolowera michere ya njerwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri opanga bongo amangotchula kuti akonzekeretse zogulitsa zawo ndi chikhoma chamakono.
Pakadali pano, banja la chimpheneya limadziwikanso ndi ma ceramic, plastics ngakhale galasi. Zinthu za vity zimadalira kwambiri kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa. Kumbukirani, kutentha kwa utsi ndi chisanza chosatsimikizika kungafike mpaka 600c ndi ochulukirapo mpaka 400 ° C "owonjezera" - mpaka 270C.
Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kulimbana ndi chitsulo chopanda kutentha komanso chotenthetsera, ma ceramics ndi njerwa. Kwa kutentha kochepa (mpaka 120 ° C), kuwonjezera pa zitsulo ndi ma ceramic, mitundu ina ya mapulasitiki (polyproplelderflooride) ndi a Olivineldenflooride. Maphunziro agalasi ndiovomerezeka. Kwenikweni, pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi mitundu yonse ya makhadi yaposachedwa. Koma zinthu zachikhalidwe kwambiri ndizo njerwa.
Chiwembu cha chimney
2- Apuroni;
3- Ndi padenga;
4- Pangani phiri;
5- Yankho la nthawi;
6- LAMBA Khoma;
7 - Dinani;
8- Chitoliro;
Chitoliro chomatira;
Kudzisintha;
11- Pokonzetsa wamkulu;
12-tee 90;
13-pulagi;
14- Adapter Cotele
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili mmalo uliwonse zimasiyananso kutengera kapangidwe kake kotentha, kunyumba ndi wopanga.
Mtundu Wamtundu Wamtundu: Mtsinje wa Brick
Lipenga la njerwa ndi chinthu chokhachokha chokha, kotero zimafunikira maziko oyenera. Ntchito yake imayamba nthawi yomweyo nyumba; Zachidziwikire, kapangidwe kotere ndizovuta kuzimitsa, ndizosatheka kusamukira kumalo ena, zimakhala zovuta kuchita kukonzanso mu izo. Ubwino wosatsimikizika wa chimtchine chopindika ndi moyo wautali. Pambuyo kukonza koyenera (pogwiritsa ntchito chimpolam chorney), imatha kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yokhazikika yamagesi ndi yamadzimadzi. Mbewu ya njerwa yamangidwa pamaziko a kuwerengera kokhazikika. Choyamba, gawo la mtanda la Chimney latsimikizika. Mitundu yamitundu ya MOYIS THEYS MNRY imayamba ndi 130130mm (ya ntchentche (ya ntchentche yothira kutentha mpaka 3000 kcal / h), h) Kusamutsa kwa 4500 kcal / h) ndikupitiliza kuwonjezera.Malo ofananawo amatha kutsimikizika ndi mphamvu ya chipangizocho pamlingo wa pafupifupi 8 cm2 pa 1 kw. Pali tchati chapadera cha njira zautsi. Pamoto, kotero kuti gawo ndi labwinobwino, gawo lamtambo la chimney liyenera kukhala losachepera 10% ya ng'anjo ya ng'anjo ya ng'anjo. Kukula kwa makoma a njira ya utsi kumakakamizidwa kukhala osachepera 120 mm (gawo lakunja silochepera 250mm). Pamtunda yamkati siyikutulutsa, koma chotsani bwino mayankho owonjezera ku seams. Pamene mapaipi ogona, zofunika zina pakuphatikizidwa kwa yankho kuyenera kuonedwa. Mwala wa miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena lamenti-simenti imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhomera khoma mkati mwa chipindacho, simenti yokha ya lamenti - ya ma annels pamwamba pa chikho cha khomali ndi simenti - la njira za njira pamwamba padenga. Kwenikweni, pafupifupi malamulo onse ndi malamulo omanga njerwa a njerwa amaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu Snip 2.04.05-91 "Kuwongolera (Mpweya), Enc8-87" Pamwamba Zogulitsa zoyaka "), SNIP 3.03. 01-87" Malamulo opanga ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi ntchito. Miyala. "
Kutalika kwa mapaipi a Flaide omwe adayikidwa patali, komwe ndikofanana ndi kutalika kwa kapangidwe kolimba, kutulutsa padenga, kapena kupitirira, ziyenera kutengedwa:
Osachepera 500mm- Pamwamba pa denga lathyathyathya;
Osachepera 500mmm pa ndodo ya padenga kapena padeti pamalo omwe chili pachimake mtunda wa 1.5 m kuchokera pa skate kapena padepe;
osatsika kuposa ndodo ya padenga kapena paraseti - pamalo a chimney mtunda wa 1.5-3m kuchokera pa skate kapena padenga;
Osatsika kuposa mzere womwe wachitika kuchokera ku skate pansi pa 10 mpaka kumapeto - pomwe chubu cha utsi umapezeka kuchokera pa skate pamtunda wa 3m.
Pansi pa kujowina chitoliro cha utsi, chotayika kuchokera ku chipangizo chotentha kupita ku chimbuko, chipangizo cha "thumba" liyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuswana kuti muchotse mafuta.
Mtunda wochokera kunja kwa mapaipi a njerwa a njerwa, makhota ndi mbali zina za padenga la zowawa komanso zofukiza ziyenera kuperekedwa pakuwunika kwa 130 mm, kuchokera pamiyala ya ceramic popanda kufotokozera - 250mm.
Kukweza ndowe za njerwa za geometry (shygbami mbiyambo), komanso pomanga Chimneys New, tidagwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yosangalatsa. Tikulankhula za ukadaulo wotchedwa Franflex (Franflex). Ili ndi mawu ake motere: kani ka malaya kambiri, wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zopangidwa ndi fiberglass ("Komporator, Hungary). Kenako, kumapeto, imayima, ndipo patatha litatu litalowetsedwa ndi nthunzi yotentha. Kutenthetsa kwa malaya "ndi kuwalitsa makhoma, kumadzaza kuchuluka kwa chimtchine, kapena gawo lake, ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa gawo la kasupe. Pochitapo kanthu kwa kutentha, imalimba (polymerizas) ndipo patatha maola 2- 4 imasalala pamsewu wamtengo wapatali, osawopa chipongwe ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka 250C. Manja oterowo amapangidwa mpaka 52m kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake 100-500mm. Malinga ndi Flideline, otembenukirako apulasitiki omwe amawononga pafupifupi 70 mpaka 1 tsa. m wokhala ndi mainchesi a 150mm.
Bombokham
Masiku ano, mawu oti "kudziletsa" kumaphimba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fakitale, yopangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti (zaka 25 zapitazo) mawu achitsulo "amathandizidwa ndi" sangweji ". Mapangidwe amakono amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, aluminiyamu otenthetsera aluya, cerimics ndi pulasitiki, komanso kuphatikiza zinthuzi. Pakati pawo omwe mitundu yotereyi imasiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yonse ya Chimneys, ndi mfundo zambiri zokha za mapaipi osonkhana kuchokera ku zinthu za mayiko omwe amaphatikizidwa.
Katundu wofunikira wa modzima dongosolo ndi kuthekera kwa kusavuta kutsika pamanja ndi kuperewera kwa kachulukidwe kolumikizana. Kulumikizana kwa ma module m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidzi, Inde, ndi kosiyana. Zinthu zosaneneka zimalumikizidwa ndi fuse-free kapena bayonet, pulasitiki - yokhala ndi tanthauzo losavuta, galasi-gombe la seament kapena simenti.
Chimneya cha masiku ano ndi mtundu wa "asirikali padziko lonse lapansi omwe amatha kutumikiridwa ndi gawo lililonse la" Chimneney ", chifukwa chikugwirizana ndi mitundu yonse yamatenthedwe. Pulogalamu yapulasitiki ndi galasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayiko ena mpaka pano ndi ma boti otsika mpweya. Koma chifukwa cha zinthuzi, chomwe chimatchedwa "njirayo idapita", ndipo mosakayikira imawonekera kuti posachedwa adzawonekera.
Kutengera - Uwu ndiye mpweya womwe uli mu gawo la Channel (chitoliro), mothandizidwa ndi mtsinje wa flie wafinya. Ndi chipongwe champhamvu kwambiri, mphamvu yomwe imayambitsa mphamvu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ukubwera ndi mpweya wakunja. Kusiyana kwa izi, kukhala zabwinoko. Komabe, tsankho kwambiri sikothandiza, chifukwa limatsogolera ku maofesi owonjezera mafuta. Mbali yolimba, kuti ikhale yoyaka, ndi chizolowezi chowonjezera kutalika kwa chimney, koma kukhala ndi malire oyenera, popeza chitoliro chambiri, chachikulu chomwe chimakhala chambiri. Zofanana ndi zopeka izi pansi pa mpanda wamkati ndi mdulidwe womwewo ukuuka pomwe mayendedwe akusintha. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, gawo lozungulira la chimfine limakhala labwino kwambiri kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri, m'malo modutsa, ndipo makona amakona ndi osapindulitsa kwambiri. Mwa njira, chitoliro chachikulu kwambiri cha chitoliro chimachepetsa chipilala: Gaza amapita mwachangu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yozizira, kachuludwidwe kawo kamakulira, ndipo kugwa.
Chikwangwani chakale
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zosankha zopha (chiwerengero cha mawonekedwe, zida, zosintha ndi njira zothetsera misonkhano, zopanga zopanga zili patsogolo pa mitundu ina yazosintha Chimnes.Ndi mitundu itatu:
Osakwatiwa (okhazikika, osanjikiza), omwe achitika kuchokera kuzomera zosapanga dzimbiri ("chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri", kapena kuchokera pa chitsulo chosasunthika;
Khoma Lachiwiri (madera awiri, osemedwa, okhala ndi zokopa pakati panja ndi mabwalo amkati);
Kusinthasintha (mwa mawonekedwe a payipi wowoneka bwino), malingaliro ochepa.
Chitsulo chowirikiza cha zitsulo sichikhala "chofiyira kawiri": Zojambula zake ndi "sangweji". Mtengo wamkati wa chilengedwe chosapanga dzimbiri, osagwirizana, amangokhala osasika, osachepera chitsulo kapena mkuwa. Malo omwe ali pakati pa masilinda amakhala odzazidwa ndi zosakanizika, osakhala gasi kapena zinthu zotenthetsera kapena zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa. Nthawi zambiri ndi basalt ya ubweya ya basalt rickwool, ngakhale zinthu zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, supres sutician ubweya wa thonje ("elit"), baalin (Flienin), Peasax). Makulidwe a mafuta othandizira nthawi zambiri amakhala 25-30 mm, ndipo izi ndizokwanira kuti kutentha pa chipolopolo chakunja sikupitilira 80c. Koma pali zopangidwa ndi makulidwe a 50mm ndi zina (mpaka 100mm). Chimponse cha Chimodzi ndi gawo limodzi lachitsulo (nthawi zambiri kuposa 250, 500 ndi 1000 mm). Kuphatikiza pa ma module mwachindunji omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka, kasinthidwe umaphatikizapo bondo, mapiko, otsekemera, zothandizira, zithandizo zake .p.
Chimtundu onse a bonalare asintha miyeso yaying'ono yapakati - 80, 100, 110, 130, 50, 50, ma 180, 350, 350, 450, 450, 450, 450, 450mm. Chimnerisrial Chimneys amatha kukhala ndi mindandanda mpaka 1000mm. Kusankhidwa kwa gawo kumayambitsa kukula kwa malo otenthetsera. Kutentha kwabwino (kutengera chisanu ndi chamba) ndi mkati mwa 400-600c. Mapaipi opangidwa ndi chitsulo chophatikizidwa amapangidwira a boilers, malo oyaka ndi ziweto amagwira ntchito pa mafuta olimba. Chimneys ku "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri" ndichabwino kuti mukonze mafuta zamadzimadzi ndi mafuta. Mapangidwe amodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika kukhazikitsa mkati, khoma lokhala ndi malo otayika - wambanda. Amalola zonse ziwiri pa gawo la nyumbayo komanso mkati ndi gawo kudzera pansi pamipando yomwe idalibe tsankho. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga amapereka ma module, malo opukutidwa komanso owoneka bwino. Misewu iyi imatulutsa makampani achilendo ngati Raab, Schielel, Berrams (Germany), Alermany), Germany), elithys " , Flueline, kafukufuku wofufuza km, Rosinox, inzhkomentre, "RTB-Fildlemiervice".
Deraels ali ndi zabwino zambiri. Samachita mantha ndi zotsatirapo. Itha kukhazikitsidwa mkati mwa chidzi omwe alipo (mokhala ndi zamakono), komanso mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumbayo ngati kapangidwe kake. Timapangidwa mogwirizana ndi kukula kwa kukula kwa mainchesi amtundu wa utsi ndi makulidwe a zitoliro, zomwe zimawonetsetsa kuti ali ndi malingaliro awo ndi mapulogalamu onse. Mapeto ake ndi zida zingapo zowonjezera zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokupatsani ma bankey. Ali ndi misa yaying'ono, safuna maziko apadera, amapereka liwiro lalitali, wokongoletsa. Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo luso lodzidalira komanso chizolowezi chofalitsa phokoso. Achles chidendene "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri" - osakonda ma halojeni. Halogins amapezeka mu kumanga varnishes, guluu, ma aerosols, kotero sikolimbikitsidwa kuwotcha zinthu mu chitofu chanu chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthuzi.
Katundu wofunikira kwambiri wa zitsulo zopanda masindedwe ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Opanga kumadzulo komanso opanga Russia amagwiritsa ntchito zosapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo chokhazikika cha titanium. Acild acid osagwirizana ndi kutentha. Izi zimathandizira othandizira kuti apereke Chingwe chawo chitsimikizo cha zaka 10. Ponena za "masangweji" okhala ndi chulu chakunja kuchokera ku "galvananzedwa", zotsika mtengo sizingafune moyo wofupikitsidwa wazomwe zimapangidwa (nthawi zina zaka 3-5, zikaikidwa kunja).
Kusungunuka, m'malo mwake kumawerengedwa ngati gulu la magulu a kalasi la Chimneys. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi ma module ena onse a axis-axis ndi gawo la khoma- monga gawo la mbiya ya chimney mu malo a distillation a axis. Nthawi zina ma modulewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza mapaipi a Ndodo yamiyala. Amapangidwa ndi munthu wofatsa kamodzi, amatenga nthiti yopyapyala yochokera ku "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena aluminiyamu, kapena khoma lachiwiri, kuchokera ku" chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ". Choyamba ndi chopanda tanthauzo komanso chosinthika kuposa chachiwiri, koma ndizovuta kuyeretsa ku zidole. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a aluminiyamu kumakhala kochepa kutentha kwa 270C.
Ma module a ceramic
Makina am'madzi (amatchedwanso chikhodzoni atatu-chosanjidwa tsopano ndikuda nkhawa za kubadwa kwachiwiri. Kuchokera pa mapaipi wamba, adasinthiratu kukhala "cubes" yabwino "ya Misonkhano ya Misonkhano. Zolemba zotsatizana zokhala ndi zowoneka bwino. Center of Cube ndi chubu cham'manja cha ceract kuchokera ku ChaMot (makulidwe mpaka 15 mm). Uwu ndi gawo lamkati. Kutulutsa kwa ubweya wapakatikati kwa ubweya wa mchere, ndi wakunja, kunja kumapangidwa ndi nkhope zakumaso zopangidwa ndi simenti yopepuka. Pakati pa kuperewera ndi konkriti kumaperekedwa ndi zopanda pake (njira), ndikupereka zinthu zomwe zimachenjeza kunyowa ndi kutayika kwa katundu. Zida zachitsulo zomaliza zomaliza zimayikidwa (kapena malo kwa iwo), kukhala ndi chipangizo chonsecho cholumikizira kuti mupereke dongosolo laulimi ndi mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, kuyambira ma cubes atatu ndi dzenje 149-160mm, pafupifupi chitoliro cha 1m chimapangidwa. Kutentha kwa ma ceramics ndi 400-600c (kutengera makulidwe a zigawo zamkati). Nyimbo zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitundu yonse ya bolodi ndi malo oyaka moto ndipo amatha kudutsa mkati mwa nyumbayo ndi kunja. Chuma cha ogulitsa kwawo ndi chochepa: Schieleel, Raab, kamvekedwe kaanthu, Hart (onse Germany) ndi Horka Hormage (Ferland).
Kodi ma mongomi a ceramic ndi odabwitsa bwanji? Amadziwika ndi luso lalikulu lodzidalira, sachita mantha ndi zovuta za kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri komanso kumafuna komanso ukadaulo mu kuyika kwachitetezo kwamoto komanso miyambo yofinya. Koma nthawi yomweyo, amadziwika ndi misa yofunika (kuchokera ku makilogalamu 80 mpaka 1 m), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akufuna malo oyenera, ndiocheperako) ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zina zolumikizirana ut flie unit.
Chimtundu wa Uni CERARYARYS amasonkhanitsidwa m'magawo:
Tsopano "zisuzi" zimatenga kutalika kwatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, Schieleel amapereka dongosolo la Keranova kuti asunge Chimneys Alenty, omwe amagwira ntchito ku Rumos ndi kuyang'anira, ndi ma module a Uniney, pomwe pali ma module a mynney ndi njira Chitsimikizo). Popeza ma module oterowo ndiosavuta pamalo omwe angafune malo omwe angafune kumanga nyumba yatsopano ndikulola nyumba yakale popanda ndalama zothandizira kupanga ukadaulo. Dongosolo la quadro limapangitsa kuti pakhale chimfine cha chimfine kwa omwe ali ndi chipinda chotsekedwa ndipo utsi wotulutsa padenga, osati pamakoma, pansi pa mawindo. Mu chimney, mpweya wamsewu umadutsa malire a mphete pakati pa chubu chamkati cha Chamotte ndi kuthira kwa konkriti kunja, kumawonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya, komwe kumachulukitsa mphamvu yamafuta. Mwa njira, ofanana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chimbudzi, koma opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, amapanga Rosinox yolimba pansi pa kamchere, mu gawo la makhoma awiri ndi mbali imodzi.
Kupukutira kwa kusiyana kwa osakanizidwa kwa chitumbumu ziwiri ndi zitatu zotsekera mu ceraney wa atatu kumachitika komwe gawo lamkati limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo konkriti yanja. Kufunsidwa kwa kudzikuza kwa kudzikuza, ndikotheka kukangana kuti maubwino a machitidwe oterewa ndiwabwino kuposa zolakwika.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti si zitsulo zonse zopanda bambi zomwe zili nthawi imodzi ndi kutentha. M'misika yomanga, madera osapanga dzimbiri amaperekedwa zochuluka, koma amafunikira kufotokozera mtunduwo. Gulu lopanda kapangidwe kakeli limaphatikizanso mitundu yokhala ndi chromium, Titaniyamu ndi Nickel, mwachitsanzo, monga 10x18NT9t, 10x23n18. ISROG idakhala Aisi 316L, Aisi 310s, ku Europe, e en 1.4539, en 1.4535.
Msonkhano wa Chitsulo Chalar
Chitoliro cha modem chinyama cha dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku ma module oyang'anira misonkhano 6-8. Msonkhano waukulu womwe uli, mapaipi omwe chimney rombel amasonkhana. Kutalika kwanthawi yonse kumachitika motere: 250, 500 ndi 1000mm. Opanga osadziwika amaloledwa kuchita mapaipi odula mpaka kukula, koma ambiri aiwo si.Mbewu ya Chimney imayikidwa mwachindunji phokoso lotentha la kuphika (mtundu wa Adsadal), kapena ndi mmodzi wa mtunda wautali ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi ma module oyenera, monga tepi, nthawi zina nthawi zina zosinthika (khomani). Ngakhale unyinji wa thunthu womwe unasonkhanitsa silabwino kwambiri, komabe, ayenera kudalira zinazake. Pachifukwa ichi, othandizira, othandizira manyuzi ndi mbale amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu ya zinthu zotereyi idapangidwira wopanga aliyense. Amasankhidwa pamaziko a unyinji wa chimney, kutalika kwake komanso mawonekedwe olimbikitsa a komweko. Popeza kwa chimfine chimneney sikuti amadzipangira mokwanira, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumbali yowongolera khoma.
Gawo limodzi la osonkhana limapereka kuyika kwa zinthu zowerengera, kusonkhanitsa okombetseka, osalowerera mwa omwe amapatsidwa kapena omwe adawasonkhanitsa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Kukhazikika kofunikira kwa thunthu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mawondo oyenera kapena matumbo osinthika (owonongedwa). Kugwiritsa ntchito chubu chosinthika kuti muphatikize thunthu kupita ku chipangizo cha fiber kumakupatsani mwayi wolipirira mafuta ochulukirapo ndipo amakonzanso phokoso pang'ono lopangidwa ndi kugwedezeka. Kuthana ndi olowererapo, olendera apadera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuti mupeze zojambula zodalirika zama ma module, chingwe chimagwirira ntchito, koma mitundu ina ndi yopanda iwo, njira ya bayonet imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa ma curmires owoneka bwino, zingwe zofananira za chimbudzi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhoma kapena mkati mwa njerwa, pomwe ntchito imachitika pakusintha kwamakono kwa dongosolo lonse la utsi. Ogwira ntchito amatha kukhala ndi zoperekera osiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, koma mulimonsemo, kuchuluka kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi wopereka wothandizirayo. Nthangoyo kudutsa padenga imafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Nawa zinthu zapadera ndi zovala zopangidwa ndi mtovu, mkuwa, zogawika kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chidapangidwira ngolo yosiyanasiyana ya skate ndipo ali pachilumba chophimba. Apuroni amasindikiza munthu wachinsinsi komanso kuthekera kwa kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta. Kudutsa pakati pa chitolirocho palokha ndipo phokoso lophimba limakhala pafupi ndi chosindikizira chokhazikika, chomwe chimatsimikizira madzi odalirika a malo olumikizirana komanso kuthekera kwa kuwonjezeka kwa chitoliro pamalo ano. Pali zosindikizira zambiri zamsika, mwachitsanzo, RTV kuchokera ku Sugeal (USA), "Pentelast" kuchokera ku "Penta Yunion" (Russia) Idr.
Pomaliza, padenga "" sunadutse ". Chubu chochepa (1.5-3m kuchokera padenga la padenga) amatha kuyimilira pawokha ngati mawonekedwe odzithandiza. Ndi kutalika kwakukulu, ngakhale kugwirizira kothandizira kapena kuyamwa wamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga zinthu zomaliza za mankhwala omalizidwa ku chimney gwiritsani ntchito mutu, chidebe choletsa komanso chipewa chotsutsa. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zazikuluzikulu, ma module owonjezera owonjezera angagwiritsidwe ntchito: Fan Fanr, Okhawor, Reser Stute Mavareto Kusamalira ambiri aiwo kumaperekedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kutentha.
Makono Osiyanasiyana
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito Chimpery imachitikanso zovuta zikafika povulira njerwa zomwe zidalipo. Pambuyo posankha kuchuluka kwa ma module a misonkhano, amayamba kugawa mwachindunji padenga ndipo, akamakula, amatsitsa chitoliro ndi thunthu. Panthawiyo, zenera lachilendo liyenera kukhala lokonzedwa kale m'munsi momwe "kulumikizana" kwa chimney ndi "kulumikizidwa" kupita ku flue boiler. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lothandizira limakonzedwa (njira yake imasankhidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe ka malo). Kuti mukonze Chimney Chomwe chasonkhanitsidwa mu mgonero mu mgodi wa njerwa ndi nyumba ndi kutsitsa, zigawo za malo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (malo ma clus). Ngati pali mawondo ndikugwirira ntchito munthawi yayitali, chubu chosinthika cha nthawi yofananira chikuphatikizidwa, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokhazikika madera opindika (m'munda wa malo opindika amapanga njira yotsegulira utsi).
Za mitengo yofunika kwambiri
Kusiyana kwa mtengo wa zinthu zopanga zosiyanasiyana kumatha kufikira 25-30%. Zochuluka kwambiri, mtundu ndi makulidwe a chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mtundu wa kulumikizidwa ndi malo omwe malowo atsimikiziridwa apa. Mtengo wa Chimnelays ochokera ku Opanga Russia (malinga ndi zitsulo zolozera) zidzakhala zotsika pang'ono kuposa 15-20%.Mtengowo umawonjezeka kanthawi (mpaka 60%) ndikuwonjezera pepala makulidwe ndi makulidwe a inshuwarer (mpaka 80%). Kutulutsa magazi pamtunda kumawononga ndalama zowonjezera 5%.
| Dzina la Element | PC. | Opanga Russia | Opanga Zapadera | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nyama | RTB. | Rosinox. | Tcheri. | BOFING. | Yeremias. | Raab. | Schielel. | ||
| Wovomereza Wovomerezeka ndi Kutulutsa Kwake | chimodzi | 100.0 | 25.0 | 21,4. | 36.0. | 25.0 | 69,1 | 77.0. | 83.0 |
| Kusinthidwa | chimodzi | 162.0 | 139,7 | 129,2 | 51.9 | 86,4. | 163,1 | 228.0 | 148.0 |
| Tee 90. | chimodzi | 150.0 | 11.6. | 119,2 | 126.5 | 130.0. | 163.0 | 307.0 | 105.0 |
| Chitoliro, l = 1m | 10 | 100.0 | 92,2 | 129,2 | 82.5 | 89.0 | 112.0. | 141.0 | 120.0. |
| Mmwamba | chimodzi | 65.0. | 40.9 | 35.8. | 32.9 | 38.5 | - | 46.0. | 38.. |
| Chithandizo cha Condele | chimodzi | 115.0. | 76.6 | 96.9 | 56.6 | 104.0. | 59,4. | 75.0 | 72,7 |
| Tsitsi | 3. | 22.0 | 12,1 | 25. | 25.7 | 23,3. | 21,4. | 39.0 | 23.0 |
| Trumber | 13 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 6.8. | 5,4. | 2.5 | Kufupika | 16.0 | Kufupika |
| Mtengo ndi VAT | 1723.0 | 1320.0. | 1858.0. | 1279.0 | 1386.6 | 1639.0.0 | 2198.0 | 1716.0 | |
| Poyerekeza: mtengo wa ceramic Uniscy (kuchokera ku Schoidel) - 975; Njerwa pamlingo wa 70 ma PC / m, ndi ntchito- 780. |
Tebulo lofananiza la mtengo wa chubu chimodzi / chitoliro cha pipe kutalika kwa chitoliro 1000mm, $
| Cholimba | M'mimba mwake 130mm | M'mimba mwake 150mm | M'mimba mwake 180mm | Pafupifupi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selkirk. | 22.44 / 98,85 | 27.51 / 112,54 | 33.3 / 126.6. | 39.1 / 148,39 |
| Raab. | 35/99 | 40/113 | 47/127. | 50/149. |
| F.F.Bofall (osadziwika) | 18.02 / 58.6 | 20.01 / -66,11 | 25,02 / 79,64. | 27.35 / 88.65 |
| 8.0 | 9.3. | 12001 | 20,01 | |
| Bertrams (enamel / aluminium) | 47/21 | - | - | - |
| Sonkhani | - | 23/80 | 29/86 | 31/93 |
| Yeremias. | 20.04 / 76.03 | 30.41 / 87.78 | 27.65 / 100.22. | 30.41 / 111.97 |
| Nyama | 21.5 / 80. | 23.5 / 84. | 28 / 88.7 | 31 / 97,5 |
| Km | 15.8 / 38.6 | 22.1 / 49,12 | - | - / 59,65 |
| Tcheri. | - | 20.6 / 61.8 | 24.7 / 74,2 | 27.5 / 82.5 |
| "Muzhkomentre" | 15.4.2.6. | 16.8 / 35.4 | 18.1 / 38.8. | 19.9 / 43,2 |
| Rosinox. | 17.7 / 54.8. | 19.7 / 61.8 | 24.6 / 74,4. | 26.9 / 82.9 |
Chitetezo cha Moto
Utsi wa Moto - Mkhalidwe wofunikira pakugwira kwake ntchito. Zimayamba ndi kusankha koyenera kwa kapangidwe kake ndi malo ake pakukhazikitsa kwamphamvu ndi mphamvu za bungwe lapadera lomwe lili ndi layisensi yoyenera.
Popeza kutentha kwa umunthu wamkati kwa chitolirochi kumayenera kupirira kutentha mu 1000 ° C (kutentha kwacheza) kwa mphindi 30, ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kugula zinthu zosatsimikizika kapena zabodza. Zikuwonekeratu kuti chimney chopangidwa ndi mitundu yopanda chitsulo, posachedwa kapena pambuyo pake adzatsogolera moto kapena kulowa m'malo mwa malo a kaboni monoxide. Pomanga chimney, ndikofunikiranso kutsatira malingaliro onse pa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa chitoliro cha chitoliro cha malo olumikizana ndi zida zophatikizika. Tiyenera kukumbukiridwe kuti mtengo womwewo ndi kulumikizana kwa nthawi yayitali ndi malo otentha (100 ° C) amayamba kutentha. Chifukwa chake, denga lapamwamba la kutentha limakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha chitoliro chakunja, ndipo posintha zinthu zophatikizika, 85c. Mukamaliza ntchito ya kuyikapo, wolankhulira moto ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zikhalidwe zonse zamoto zimalemekezedwa kwathunthu. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito chikho cha makhoma, njira zotetezera moto zidzathetsedwa ngakhale atapezanso mwayi wopezanso, malamulo onse ayenera kutsatira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mapaipi njerwa. Chisamaliro chapadera chimalipira kupezeka kwa mabungwe kuchokera ku mabungwe opanga kuyika, komanso "chitsimikiziro" cha chimney ndikuyang'ana masitolo.
Tikukhulupirira tsopano, owerenga athu angavomereze mawu omwe ali mnyumba yamakono (chinthu chomwe chili mu chimtchine komanso chitetezo cha kupangidwa kwa kapangidwe kake kake kake kake ka chubu ndi kuyika kwake.
Otsatsa zikomo, muzhkomentre-udd, nii km, rivitex-m, r, vride "kutenthetsa, pokonzekera zinthu.