Kubona akazi ko gusana urugo: Gushushanya umushinga wumucunguzi, inyandiko zikenewe, guhuza amazu
Mu rwego rwo gutuma icumbi ryawe ari byiza kandi byiza, duhora duhindura ikintu, tugahora duhindura: tugura ibikoresho bishya cyangwa kwimura ibya kera cyangwa no guhindura umwanya wurukuta. Nigute ushobora kuba niba ushaka gusana cyane inzu ikurwaho, nuburyo bwo gusaza uburyo bwo gucumura wenyine?
Ni ibihe bihe ukeneye kubona uruhushya rwo gukora imirimo yo gusana murugo? Gusana kwinshi, igikoresho kandi uhangayikishijwe no kwinjizamo, Antlesole (niba bidahuye nibibanza byigenga), gusimburwa (nta gushidikanya) ibikoresho byubuhanga ntibisaba igishushanyo mbonera.
Twongeye gutekereza cyangwa gutera imbere?
Ifoto ya S. Morgunov,
E. Morgunova mu mategeko y'Uburusiya, hari amagambo menshi akoreshwa mu gusobanura amazu gusana: gucunga, kuvugurura no kunoza. Gucungura ni impinduka mu iboneza ry'icyumba, bisaba impinduka kuri pasiporo tekinike. Buri gihe ni ngombwa kubona uruhushya rwo gucumura, kubera ko impinduka mu iboneza ry'icyumba rifitanye isano no kubungabunga inzu, ndetse rimwe na rimwe hamwe n'ingaruka z'ubuzima.
Kwiyubaka - kwishyiriraho, gusimbuza cyangwa kwimura imiyoboro yubuvugizi, isuku, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bisaba impinduka kuri Passeport ya tekiniki. Kurugero, gukora ibyerekeye Inama y'Abaminisitiri ntabwo ari ugucuranga cyangwa kuvugurura amazi cyangwa kurema imiryango mishya, ndetse no mu rwego rwo kudashira imbere, ndetse no mu rwego rwo kutarimo imbere, ni ngombwa guhuza (iyo igikoresho, inkunga Urukuta rusaba igishushanyo mbonera cyumushinga hamwe nubufatanye bukurikira).
Abayobozi b'imico barimo guhuza no kuvugurura uburyo bwo gucungura no kuvugurura. I Moscou na St. Petersburg, iyo mirimo igenzurwa n'amazu ya Leta, no mu yindi mijyi, ububasha nk'ubwo bufite uburenganzira ku nzego z'ibanze, komisiyo yo guhagarika ishyanga mu mujyi.
Umwubatsi E. Khannanov
Ifoto ya S. Morgunov,
E. Morgunova kugirango ubone uruhushya rwo gucungurwa cyangwa kuvugurura ushobora gusa nyir'icyumba gusa. Niba urimo kurasa inzu kandi ushaka gusana aho, mbere ya bose ubyemera iki kibazo na nyiracyo. Amategeko mbonezamubano ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya ateganya ijambo "kumenyekanisha iterambere" ku rubanza iyo gusanwa bigorana mu cyumba gikodeshwa. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko iterambere ritandukanye mubikoresho, uburyo bwa tekiniki murugo ishobora gutwara ahantu hashya. Amakimbirane hagati ya nyirinzu kandi umukode watumye habaho gusana bibaye kenshi (gushinga wallpaper, ashyiraho amadirishya mashya), kubera ko umukode agenga amadirishya), kubera ko umukode ashyiraho uburenganzira bwo gusaba kuva muri nyirinzuye nyuma ya amasezerano y'ubukode. Niyo mpamvu mumasezerano y'ubukode agomba gutangwa kubintu ku buryo bwo kwishyura mu gihe umukode azabikora.
Gucungura amazu adakodeshwa ntibishoboka, ariko urashobora kunonosora. Ariko, hagomba kwibukwa ko muriki gihe birakenewe guhuza ibikorwa byayo hamwe na nyiri umutungo ugahindura amasezerano yubukode cyangwa gutegura amasezerano yinyongera yakemura ibibazo bijyanye no gushinga imitungo itimukanwa
Ntugomba guhuza uburyo bwo gucunga inzu yigihugu. Uruhushya ruzakenerwa gusa kubwinyubako zanditswe muri BTI. Kubona uruhushya rwo gucungurwa inzu yigihugu ihwanye nuburyo rusange.
Jya kubyemera
Uratekereza ko bigoye cyane mugihe wongeye kwishimisha: erend urukuta rwiboneza rigoye, kugirango wubake arch ifishi idasanzwe cyangwa yubaka podium? Ntabwo! Ibyiza byinshi, nkuko byagaragaye, biragutegereje mugihe uhuza umushinga wo gucungura (reorganisation). Witegure inzira inzira izaba ndende: ugomba kwihangana.
Igihe cyo gusuzuma umushinga wo gucungura muri Morepox ni iminsi 45, ariko uburyo bwose bwo guhuza buzafata byibuze amezi 3. Weeking Demovelipment mu gihe gito izakenera amafaranga menshi, ariko muriki gihe nta cyemeza ko hatabaho ikibazo. Umwanzuro ni utya: Gusezeranya kugera kumyanzuro yo gucuranga inyungu (ndetse n'amafaranga menshi) icyumweru 1 ashobora gusa
Ibyiciro byo gusubiza
Mbere ya byose, ugomba gutekereza hejuru yigitekerezo cyamazu yawe. Amategeko atanga ibisobanuro ku nyungu zo gucungura imishinga ijyanye no kubaka amazu. Mu karere hari urutonde rwigenga rwibibujijwe nibibuza, kandi bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Mugihe kimwe, ugomba kumenya ko hariho ubwoko bumeze muburyo bwo gucumura butabujijwe kumugaragaro, ariko ntibyemewe. Kurugero, ubumwe bwicyumba hamwe na logiya birabujijwe, ariko uruhushya rugoye kubibona, kuko ibyangombwa bya tekiniki bidateje imbere imiterere nkiyi.
Bidasubirwaho, birashobora kuvugwa ko imisozi itazaha uburenganzira ku bwoko bukurikira:
Kuzana imiterere yimikorere yinzu no gutura abaturage, harimo nakazi, nkibisubizo byikugeraho itumanaho hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye biragoye;
Abo, nkibisubizo byicyumba gishya (cyangwa kijyanye nayo) gishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa bidakwiriye kubaho;
Ingaruka z'ibibanza mu nyubako zo guturamo, biyandikishije ku cyicaro gishinzwe kwirwanaho mu bubanja n'ibihe byihutirwa (nubwo umusaruro w'imirimo nk'iyi ushobora kuboneka n'ubuyobozi bw'icyicaro);
kumena imbaraga, umutekano winzego zishyigikira inyubako cyangwa zishobora kwangirika;
Kwishyiriraho ibikoresho bitandukanye cyangwa bigenzura kuri gelbices rusange (ibidukikije rusange) imiyoboro yubuvugizi, niba ikoreshwa ryabo bigira ingaruka kumitungo mubyumba byegeranye;
Kuraho imiyoboro isanzwe ya vantilation, kugabanya igice cyambukiranya;
Kongera imizigo ku nzego zishyigikira hejuru yemewe kumushinga (kubara kubushobozi bwo kubyara, kubikoresho byahinduwe mumagorofa, mu buryo bwo guhinduranya ibikoresho byoroheje kubikoresho biremereye, bishyira ibikoresho byinyongera.
Gufungura, gutema Niches, gukubita umwobo muri pylons inkuta zamagambo, inkingi za diaphragm ninkingi (rack, inkingi), hamwe no mumwanya wo guhuza ibintu byabanjirije;
Anicamo mu kavuri ka horizontal kandi munsi y'urukuta rw'imbere, mu myanya y'urukuta n'amasahani yo kurengana munsi yo gushyira insinga z'amashanyarazi, umuyoboro;
Isoko ryinyongera mu rukuta rwibyegereye hejuru yuburebure nta guhuza umuryango wumushinga - Umwanditsi wumushinga wo kubaka cyangwa uzamusimbura, nta buhanga bwinyongera.
Kugirango utegure umushinga wumucunguzi, nibyiza kwerekeza kubahanga (Ninde ugomba kugira uruhushya rwo gukora imirimo yumushinga, bitabaye ibyo ugomba gukoresha amafaranga yinyongera kuri bimwe mubyangombwa byumushinga).
Umushinga wo gucuramura ugomba gutezwa imbere hashingiwe kumyanzuro ya tekiniki kuri leta y'ibishushanyo mbonera, byihariye ku nzu yawe. Umushushanya azagera kandi akore ikizamini cyubwubatsi no gufunga inzego zo munzu: sobanura inyubako, ikora ubutaka, usuzume hasi, usuzume hasi, usuzume hasi, usuzume hasi, ingazi, inkingi, gutwara no kuzenguruka node. Hanyuma ugize umwanzuro wa tekiniki. Gusa nyuma yibyo ushobora guhitamo niba inyungu zacu zikorwa, no gukora hafi akazi.
Kubona imyanzuro yo gucungura
1. Gushushanya umushinga wumucunguzi
2. Kwakira ibyangombwa
3. Guhuza umushinga wo gucungura
4. Kubona imyanzuro yuburyo bwimisozi.
Demovelipment
1. Umwanzuro w'amasezerano n'umuryango w'ubwubatsi
2. Imikorere
3. kwakira akazi
4. Kwiyandikisha inyandiko nshya.
Niba uwashushanyije atanga umwanzuro mwiza kubyerekeye kongera gutegura, tangira gukusanya inyandiko. Uzakenera:
Passeport rusange;
Gusaba kuvugurura (gucungura), bikubiyemo urutonde rwuzuye rwakazi kivugwa (ibihembo mbere byemeranya uhagarariye umugaragu wa Tylyl);
Gahunda yo hasi ya biro ya Tekinike ya Tekinike;
Ihuriro rya Porogaramu ya BTI (Ifishi 22);
Icyemezo cya nyirubwite (niba kihari, umusimbura azatanga amasezerano yo kugura no kugurisha);
gukuramo mu gitabo cy'inzu;
Kopi y'imari n'intumiro;
Umwanzuro wa Tekinike (Irashobora gutangwa gusa nishyirahamwe ryihariye, rifite uruhushya rubiriweho, kuhantu kwacyo bigomba kugenzurwa mu kigo;
Umushinga wo gucungura inzu (Igomba kandi kuzuza imitunganyirize);
Uruhushya rwa banyiri bakuze mu nzu (bose, harimo n'a'agateganyo badahari by'agateganyo, ari bo bafatanije);
Umwanzuro Urugingo rwo kurengera inzibutso yubwubatsi, amateka n'umuco (niba urugo rwawe ari urwibutso rwubukwa).
Gahunda yo kurasa yakozwe muri BTI, ugomba gukuraho kopi nyinshi. Ahantu hashya inkuta, amashyiga ya gaze, amazi akoreshwa kuri kopi ya gahunda hejuru yishusho ishaje, niko ikaramu ifite paste yamabara atandukanye arasabwa.
Ipaki yinyandiko numushinga wubucukuzi bugomba kwimurirwa mu mirimo yo kugenzura imirimo yo kubaka no kugenzura imiterere yinyubako ninzego. Harimo ko watsinze ibyangombwa, uzahabwa inyemezabwishyu aho urutonde rwabo rwuzuye rugomba kugaragazwa nitariki yo kubakwe. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko hagomba kubaho iminsi 45 kugirango dusuzume ibyangombwa, bigenwa nimitutsi yimiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Ntuteze guhuza mbere yo gucungura hamwe nubwubatsi bwabajyanama, mubisanzwe bufatanya nubuyobozi bwo kwemerwa. Noneho uzamenya neza gahunda idashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa, kandi urashobora gukosora umushinga.
Ubutumire bwicyiciro cya mbere, ugomba kubona uruhushya rwa komisiyo yinyuma cyangwa bigoye. Twibakwe kuba muscovite kugirango urwohereze rugomba gushyirwaho umukono na perefe mu karere k'ubuyobozi (muyindi mijyi yemerewe ubuyobozi bw'Umujyi). Ubuyobozi bwo kwemerwa, bitarenze iminsi 3 y'akazi kuva mu gufata icyemezo kuri Guhuza, bigomba kukumenyesha kubyerekeye icyemezo.
Akazi gasana
Imirimo yose yo kubaka igomba gukorwa muburyo bwuzuye numushinga nimpushya. Amakuru ajyanye nibikorwa byose agomba kwinjizwa mu kinyamakuru. Kuriyo bizasuzumwa no gutanga amasoko yo gusana no kubaka. Menya ko urwego rwimisozi rushobora kugenzura inkoni yimyitozo igihe icyo aricyo cyose (akenshi ibi bibaho niba igenzura riza ibirego byabaturanyi). Muri iki gihe, kuboneka, ubuziranenge na leta yinyandiko za tekiniki kugirango umusaruro w'imirimo n'impushya zagenzuwe. Irashobora kandi gukurikiranwa nukubahiriza gahunda yikoranabuhanga yo kuvugurura cyangwa gukoresha inzu no kuba umwubatsi wibikoresho bikenewe.
Ukurikije ibisubizo bya cheque yo kurangiriraho, ibyinjira bigomba gukorwa mu kinyamakuru imirimo yubwubatsi. Niba abahagarariye umutwe baravutse ibitekerezo, tegereza ko ongera kugenzura. Kugenzura byasobanuwe nuburyo bwo kwakira akazi, harimo imiterere nibikoresho byubuhanga. Byongeye kandi, birakenewe gukora gahunda yo gukora ingamba zo kugenzura itegeko.
Abo bakozi, ibisubizo byabyo ntibizagaragara kubera ibindi bikorwa (icyitwa umurimo wihishe, birimo, urugero, ibikorwa byahagaritswe, ibikorwa byose bijyanye no kwishyiriraho Prid Power) bigomba gufatwa Mbere yuko inzira irangiye gucumura cyangwa kuvugurura.
Gucumura (Kuvugurura) Kurangiza no gushushanya igikorwa cyuzuye (rerorucation) cyicyumba mu nyubako yo guturamo. Noteri wa komisiyo ishinzwe kwemerwa ikubiyemo usaba (cyangwa umurungiwe, ububasha bwe bwemejwe n'icyemezo cya Noride), abahagarariye icyicaro, icyicaro cya nyuma ni umuyobozi wa komisiyo ishinzwe kwemerwa), ubuyobozi bw'ubutaka bwa Ubuyobozi Nyobozi, Ishyirahamwe, Ubuyobozi bw'Inzu yo guturamo, uwateguriye umushinga (rimwe na rimwe uhagarariye uhagarariye umwanditsi).
Ubucumuzi budashobora guhuzwa. Ariko ntugomba gushyira mu kaga amafaranga yawe n'ibyiza, bitinde bitebuke ugomba gusubiza inzu "kumera". Niba wanze gukora ibi, icyemezo gishobora gukorwa kugirango ugurishe inzu yawe mu rukiko kugirango ugurishe akazi mu bwoko bwambere.
Vakte, iri muri kato eshatu (kubwawe, Moulpox no kohereza mu cyumba cyo kuyandikisha mu karere), byerekana aderesi y'ibintu byo kuvugurura no (cyangwa) gucungwa; Urutonde rwabagize uruhare rwa Komisiyo; Izina, Itariki nubusobanuro nyabwo kubikorwa byose byakozwe; Icyemezo cya Komisiyo n'umukono w'abanyamuryango. Igishushanyo mbonera nimpinduka zikenewe kugirango zitangwe muri BTI, zikorwa kumurimo wihishe, ibikorwa byo kwemerwa na sisitemu kugiti cye bigomba kuba. Intambwe yanyuma nuguhindura icyemezo cyicyemezo cyumutungo utimukanwa.
Ukeneye uruhushya?
Iki kibazo gisabwa hafi ya buri wese watekereje kubacunga. Ibihano byo gucuranga cyangwa kuvugurura bidakurikije ibi bikurikira: Ibihano (ibihano ibihumbi 2) hamwe ninshingano yo kubona uruhushya (kuvugurura) cyangwa gufata icyemezo kubibanza bitangwa muri leta ya mbere.
Niki cyo gukora abaremye uburyo bwo kuyobora kugeza mu 2005, igihe cyo kubona uruhushya ntibyabaye ngombwa? Mbere ya byose, urashobora kugerageza kubihuza muri hillose. Ntukemere ibyangombwa bishingiye ku kuba mu myitozo ngororamubiri bimaze gukorwa, abahagarariye umutwe ntibashobora (amategeko agenga impamvu eshatu gusa zo kwanga inyandiko; gutanga inyandiko ku byangombwa; gutanga inyandiko kumubiri, Ubushobozi bwo kwemeza iki cyemezo butareba; kutubahiriza ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gucungura amategeko asabwa n'amategeko).
Niba mu misozi wanze guhuza abacukuzi, urashobora kujya mu rukiko. Kubwibyo, bazakenera inyandiko zimwe nko kwemererwa kwizirikana, wongeyeho igikorwa cyubuhanga bwubwubatsi hamwe numwanzuro wo kubahiriza imitwaro, umushinga, ibindi bisabwa Amategeko. Igikorwa cyo gusuzuma kubaka mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko inyungu zirenga ku burenganzira zitirenga ku burenganzira n'inyungu zemewe n'abaturage. Muri uru rubanza, urukiko rushobora gufata umwanzuro uzategeka umusozi ku nyandiko zatanzwe.