Namhlanje, umbuzo wokurhoxiswa komhlaba kwabo banini bangathathwa kakuhle. Kwangelo xesha, imeko yomthetho, evumela ukususwa komhlaba, kuyasebenza ukusukela ngo-2010. Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba nexhala kubanini bezimandla kunye nemithombo yomhlaba?
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Namhlanje, umbuzo wokurhoxiswa komhlaba kwabo banini bangathathwa kakuhle. Kwangelo xesha, imeko yomthetho, evumela ukususwa komhlaba, kuyasebenza ukusukela ngo-2010. Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba nexhala kubanini bezimandla kunye nemithombo yomhlaba?
Iingcali zendlela yelizwe zikholelwa ukuba ukusuka kwihektarerere yezigidi ezingama-386,5 zomhlaba wezolimo eRussia ayisetyenziswa malunga nezigidi ezingama-56, oko kukuthi, malunga ne-14%. Ukwenzela ukwandisa isivuno, kule minyaka mi-5 izayo kucetyelwe ukuphinda ungene kwi-10 yezigidi zeehektare okwangoku.
Iinketho ezinokwenzeka
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ipropathi yabucala yenye yeziseko ezingagungqiyo zikaRhulumente, uMthetho uvumela ukususwa komhlaba: ngenxa ye-State okanye iimfuno zikamasipala; ekusebenziseni okungafanelekanga kwezolimo kwaye kwenzelwe ukwakhiwa kwezindlu; kwimfuno; Ekwenzeni isigqibo sesigqibo senkundla ngokulahleka.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, ngaphandle kweyesibini, udidi lomhlaba alunamsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba namhlanje irikhwizishini yeentsimbi ezingasetyenziswanga kufuneka iyoyikeka kuphela ngeempawu ezinamacandelo akwindawo ezisemaphandleni. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuya kwaziswa umlinganiso onjalo kubanikazi beendawo kwi-SNT. Ubuncinci, lo mbandela wawujongwa kwihlobo elidlulileyo kwintlanganiso yabameli beMibutho yeGadi kunye nosihlalo worhulumente weRussia Federation.
Umhlaba owenziweyo unokuthinjwa ngoRhulumente (oomasipala) ukuze baphumeze izivumelwano zamanye amazwe zeRoma i-Russian Federation okanye kulwakhiwo, ukwakha kwakhona kwelizwe okanye izinto zasekhaya. Isigqibo sokurhoxiswa komhlaba samkelwe ngamaqumrhu olawulayo akwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Kwindawo esuswayo yomniniyo (umnini welungelo lokushicilela) uhlawule imbuyekezo yemali okanye (ukuba umnini uyavuma) unike omnye umhlaba. Akunakwenzeka ukubhena ngokuchasene nesigqibo sokurhoxiswa koRhulumente.
Kuba phantse indima yesithandathu ye-dachas yelizwe kwingingqi ye-MOSCOW ayikhutshwa ngokungqinelana neemfuno zomthetho, ke akukho lwazi ngezi ziganeko kwi-cadastre okanye inkonzo yerhafu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanini babo baneentloni kwintlawulo yerhafu esisiseko
Ngeentlekele zemvelo, iingozi, iziqeka kunye nezinye iimeko, ezinemizimba egunyazisiweyo yabasemagunyeni ilungelo lokukhusela iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zabemi, uluntu kunye nezisongelo. Kule meko, ukurhoxiswa kunokuba yethutyana. Emva koko isigqibo sokurhoxa siyasebenza kude kube yinto engxamisekileyo. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ubuyisele indawo enyanzelekileyo ukuba ibe ngumniniyo, ihlawula ixabiso lentengiso lomhlaba okanye (kwisicelo sakhe) libonelela umhlaba olinganayo. Ukuba ipropathi igcinwe, emva koko emva kokuba inyamalale isoyikiso ebangele ukurhoxisa indawo, umniniyo unelungelo lokufuna ukubuyela enkundleni.
Ukongeza, umhlaba ungarhoxiswa njengesohlwayo sezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho (ukufumana iyelenqe ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukufunyanwa komhlaba kwiimali ezivela kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho). Kwimeko enjalo, isigqibo sokurhoxa asinamda, isibheno asixhomekeki, imbuyekezo yomnini wangaphambili ayihlawulwanga.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Itshata yobambiswano lweGadi
Kwi-ST nganye, kukho indawo ezininzi ezingenanto, abanini bayo abangaphathwanga ngomhlaba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, ezo ziganeko zibangela isoyikiso ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ukhuseleko lomlilo, kuba izakhiwo ezinqamlezileyo kuzo zihlala zisebenza njengendawo yokwenzela umhlaba, kwaye inokuba yindawo yokusabela kuzo zonke iintlobo zobuntu. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zokuba abanini-zini abangakhathali kule ndawo: Abanini bagqibe kwelokuba bathengise umhlaba, kodwa ixabiso elicetyiswa ngamanye amalungu olubambiso alibalungelanga, ke bafuna umthengisi; Lowo wayesakuba ngumniniyo, kodwa akaziindlalifa; Iindlalifa azizange zingene kumalungelo ezomthetho, kodwa ziya kuthengisa.
Ngaba ubunkokeli bobambiswano bunokuba ngumda wentsimi? Ukukhuselwa kweKhuselo yi-Chartar equlethwe ngokutsha kwe-ST, kwisicatshulwa apho izohlwayo kufuneka zifakwe kuzo abo bangaxhasi umhlaba ngokufanelekileyo (kubandakanya). Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamalungiselelo alubandakanyiwe kwiTshatha, kuba ekuqaleni uninzi lwamalungu obambiswano lweRyano luye lwakhawuleza ukuba lube lidabi lokhula, ngaphandle, izakhiwo zakhiwa kwaye zasusa inkunkuma yokwakha.
Igadi le-lover linokucetyiswa kuphela ukuba lidibane, kodwa mhlawumbi liphantsi kobunkokeli bomhlambisi (idla ngokuqhelana nawo onke amagosa aphambili, amagosa anoxanduva lokujonga imeko yeziza). Ndikunye nosihlalo we-SNT, yimfuneko rhoqo (ebaluleke kakhulu) ukuzoba imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqeshwa ngokuqeshwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwendawo (kubandakanya imisebenzi ejolise kuyo Ukucuthwa komhlaba wezolimo okanye imeko yokusingqongileyo iye yasebenza kakhulu).
Ukongeza, umonakalo uthathwa njengesizathu sokubanjwa. Okokugqibela, isizathu sokugqibela kukusilela ekuthobeleni imisebenzi malunga nokulungiswa komhlaba, ukuqhuba amanyathelo anyanzelekileyo okuphucula nokukhusela umhlaba ukuze basetyenziswe ngenjongo. Ewe kunjalo, asithethi ngento yokuba indawo leyo kufuneka ikhokelwe yimeko efanelekileyo ngosuku emva kokuthenga. Ukuba unolwandlalo olucetyiswayo lwezolimo lwendawo, kunye nokufowunela isithili esigunyazisiweyo, abamele isebe lomlilo kunye nolawulo lwasekhaya ukulungisa imeko yendlu negadi. Banelungelo lokunyanzela isohlwayo sokunyhashwa kwemithetho, kwaye nangona ubungakanani bokubuyiswa buncinci, ingqalelo rhoqo kubasemagunyeni bakonwabisayo.
Eyona nto inokwenzeka, ii-dachefuthere ezingekhoyo ziya kuvuma kungekudala ngokuthengisa indawo okanye ziya kucoca intsimi yazo. Ukuba i-PART ayisetyenziswanga kuba iindlalifa azifuni kungena kumalungelo abo, zibonelela ngobunzima bokunxibelelana nabaphathi bobhaliso, umntu unokubanika impendulo elandelayo kule meko. Okokuqala, kuya kufuneka uye ku-Irery ukwenza amandla egqwetha kwilungu le-SN, oya kuthi (ngokuqinisekileyo, engasimahla) ukwenza amaxwebhu. Emva koko kufuneka ungene kumalungelo elifa, emva koko ubhalise umniniyo wendawo entsha. Emva koko, kwenziwa iyelenqe lomhlaba (olona khetho lubalaseleyo lokuthengisa kumalungu entsebenziswano ukuze umniniyo otsha okanye onokubakho kwintengiselwano eyahlulwe phakathi kweendlalifa kunye ne-snt (ngaphakathi I-akhawunti yamatyala kwimirhumo kunye neentlawulo).
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga
Amaqumrhu orhulumente agunyazisiweyo aqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ucwangciselwe ukuba iveliswa kwezolimo, izindlu okanye olunye ulwakhiwo luyasetyenziswa. Ukuba ityhilwe ukuba umniniyo utsalelekile kwindawo engafanelekanga yasemhlabeni engafanelekanga, indawo ixhomekeke ekurholweni. Umxholo "wokusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga" kubonelelwe kubugcisa. Ikhowudi yomhlaba yeRussian Federation. Okokuqala, kubhekiswa engqondweni ekungasebenziyo komhlaba ngokuhambelana okanye ukusetyenziswa kwendawo (kubandakanya nenjongo yomniniyo kunciphise kakhulu ukuzala komhlaba okanye imeko yokusingqongileyo iye yaonakaliswa kakhulu).
Ukongeza, umonakalo uthathwa njengesizathu sokubanjwa. Okokugqibela, isizathu sokugqibela kukusilela ekuthobeleni imisebenzi malunga nokulungiswa komhlaba, ukuqhuba amanyathelo anyanzelekileyo okuphucula nokukhusela umhlaba ukuze basetyenziswe ngenjongo. Ewe kunjalo, asithethi ngento yokuba indawo leyo kufuneka ikhokelwe yimeko efanelekileyo ngosuku emva kokuthenga. Ukuba une-node, enzelwe imveliso yezolimo, emva koko iqale ukukhulisa izityalo ezifanelekileyo kangangeminyaka emi-3 (ukuba ixesha elide alisekelwanga ngumthetho).
Eli thuba alibandakanyi ixesha lokuphuhlisa indawo, kunye nexesha apho umhlaba awunakusetyenziselwa ukuqeshwa ngenxa yeentlekele zemvelo okanye ezinye iimeko. Ukuba ityhilwe ukuba umnini usebenzisa indawo engafanelekanga, umhlaba uza kuthengiswa kubarhwebi boluntu ukuba urhulumente uza kukuthemba ezabo iimfuno. Imali ibuyiselwe kwintengiso iya kutshintshelwa kumnini wangaphambili (iindleko ezincinci zokurhweba kunye nokwenza urhwebo). Ngokuchasene nezinye iimeko zokuthinjwa kwendawo, irikhwizishini ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kunokuthintelwa. Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa ukulawula isikhululo kwaye kuhlawule isohlwayo sokuthatha ityala lolawulo ngexesha elichazwe kwisilumkiso.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Inkqubo yokubamba
Ukuze kuchongwe iiplani zomhlaba ezisetyenziswa ngokuphulwa kwemithetho, iarhente yemfundo yezakhiwo kunye nemizimba yayo yendawo kunye nenqanaba lezehlo elicwangcisiweyo leziganeko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindlela zobugcisa zale mihla zisetyenziselwa le njongo-umbono wokujonga umhlaba, umzekelo, ngoncedo lwe-quadcopters. Ngokweziphumo zophando, i-arvar iphakanyisiwe. Ukuba ukophule kuyatyhilwa, igunya leliso elibekelwe igunya leliso lemicimbi yangenza kwangumniniyo. Kwangelo xesha, isohlwayo sesohlwayo esimiselwe ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ongonelanga ngobukhulu kwi-0.3 ukuya kwi-0.5% yexabiso le-cadastral yendawo, kodwa ingaphantsi kwamawaka ama-3 ruble.Ukuba ukophula umthetho akupheliswa ngumniniyo ngomhla obekiweyo kuMthetho (ngokufuthi yintsuku ezingama-30), ilizwe eligunyazisiweyo okanye ugunyaziso lukamasipala kwakhona lonyula isohlwayo sesohlwayo. Ubungakanani bayo beWoyisensi engakhathaliyo buvela kwi-10 ukuya kuma-20 amawaka ruble. Xa umnini uqhubeka nokungahoyi iimfuno zomthetho, abasebenzi benkonzo yokujonga umhlaba urhulumente wesibhengezo seGunya leMibutho yeRussia leRoma i-Russian Federation, ethi, inelungelo lokuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa Umhlaba wegadi kwiintengiso zikarhulumente.
Kwiintsuku ezilishumi ukusuka kumhla wokungeniswa kwesenzo sokugweba ngokurhoxiswa komhlaba (okanye ukususela ngomhla wesigqibo), abasemagunyeni banyanzelekile ukuba baqhagamshele ukupheliswa kobunini bomhlaba. Ukongeza, kufuneka uthumele umyalezo kuhlolo lwerhafu, olunikwa iintsuku ezisixhenxe. Kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu ukusuka kumhla wokungeniswa kwesigqibo senkundla ekubanjweni kwendawo, abasemagunyeni, ukuba kukho inyanzeliso, iququzelele intengiso yoluntu.
Ukuba le yokugqibela iqatshelwe njengengasebenzi, i-Dloll yeLizwe kwiinyanga ezi-2 inokufumaneka kwipropathi karhulumente okanye kumasipala kwixabiso lokuqala. Xa umnini zindawo engavumelani nesigqibo sokurhoxisa, umzimba ogunyazisiweyo welizwe unelungelo lokubonisa imfuneko yokuthengisa umhlaba kwinkundla. Ukulungiswa kwamaxwebhu ukubanjwa kweendawo yinkqubo ende kakhulu nentsomi. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba iimeko zokuhlala zihlukaniswa nomhlaba zisanqabile. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho wezomthetho uphucula isikhokelo esilawulayo, kwaye lo senzo bonakalisa ukuba indlela yokuthathwa kwe-thysion iyimfuneko.
Ukungasebenzi kwindawo oya kuyo
Abasemagunyeni banelungelo lokurhoxisa i-plow yelixa xa ingasetyenziselwa injongo yayo, yile:
- Izityalo zezolimo azikhulisi kumhlaba olimekayo kwaye azisebenzi umhlaba, okanye ukuceba kwaye (okanye) ukuthengwa kukaPashny kungaphezulu kwe-15% yendawo.
- Intsimi ayizenzi ingca, okanye imixholo yezityalo zokhula kwingca idlula i-30% yendawo yendawo;
- Kumadlelo, iinkomo aziwanga;
- Kumazwe anemigangatho yokutyala, ukuvuna akususwanga kwaye izitya zingezizo ezibukweni;
- Ukuhanjiswa kunye (okanye) Ukubhengezwa komhlaba wezolimo (kodwa hayi umhlaba olime) kudlula nge-30%;
- Ukudakumba kunye (okanye) ihempe engaphezulu kwe-20% yendawo.
