Umujyi nubuhitamo buhebuje kubadashaka gutandukana nuburyo busanzwe, baba hanze yumujyi. Ibyiza byo gutura biragaragara, ariko, ntaho burigihe biranga, bizaganirwaho muri ibi bikoresho
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Nta mujyi uhari mu mategeko y'Uburusiya, bityo, iyo ugura "hafi - mu rugo", birakenewe ko witondera cyane iyo atanga ibyangombwa.
Umujyi ni uwuhe?
Niki ufite imbaraga iyo wunvise ijambo "Umujyi"? Birashoboka cyane, ibintu byinshi bihujwe bifite ubwitonzi butandukanye. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwisoko ryimitungo itimukanwa buvuga ko Umujyi ushobora kwitwa inzu ntoya yingirakamaro. Mu mijyi y'amategeko yo mu mijyi ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya, ijambo nk'iryo riboneka muburyo - iterambere ryahagaritswe rivugwa murutonde rwinyubako zitanga imenyekanisha rya leta ridasaba ubuhanga bwa leta.Ibimenyetso byangirika mu nzu nkiyi:
- igamije kubaho;
- Ntabwo arenze amagorofa atatu hejuru;
- igizwe n'ibice byinshi (bitarenze icumi), buri kimwe kigenewe gutura umuryango umwe;
- Ibikoresho bifite inkuta imwe cyangwa nyinshi zisanzwe zidafunguye hamwe nigice gituranye cyangwa ibice byegeranye;
- Imiterere iherereye ku butaka butandukanye kandi ifite uburyo bwo kugera ahantu rusange (inyubako zituyemo zinyubako yahagaritswe).
Mu kwiyemeza kwamamaza, urashobora gusoma ko niba imiterere yahagaritswe ifite ubwinjiriro butandukanye, igaraje numukiriya, noneho yitwa Lyunka. Niba inzu ifite ba nyirayo ebyiri hamwe nubwinjiriro bubiri butandukanye, biramenyerewe kwitwa duplex. "Umuvandimwe" - Twinhouse, nayo igenewe kubaho imiryango ibiri, ariko, itandukanye na duplex, ibice ntibitandukana nurukuta rukuru. Imbere nkiyi hariho uturere dutandukanye kandi dusanzwe.
Hariho kandi Quadrojus ihuza ibice bine byihariye byubwoko bumwe. Aya mazina yose arimo gukurikiranya icyongereza gusa, nta na bo mu mategeko y'Uburusiya. Nubwo kumva neza kandi byoroshye kuba umuguzi wizina, mubyangombwa bikemura ukuri kugura no kugurisha bizaba izina "inzu yubaka".
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Imitako yo mu mujyi
Ishami ry'umutungo utimukanwa Minisiteri y'Iterambere ry'ubukungu ritanga uburyo bwo guhambira inyubako yahagaritswe mu gice kinini (mubyukuri, Umujyi ni inzu imwe, ariko "yashyizwe ku ruhande"). Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iyi myanya, birashoboka gusobanura amategeko yinyubako yinzu nkibikorwa bibiri kandi byinshi hamwe na inyongeramusaruro. Ubwinjiriro bushobora kandi gutegurwa binyuze mubibanza rusange kumwanya rusange wubutaka bwegeranye ninyubako yo guturamo.
Hamwe nubu buryo, iyo ugurisha umujyi, ni ngombwa gukoresha amahame amwe nko kubona inzu isanzwe mu nyubako. Aya mategeko ateganijwe mu itegeko rya Federasiyo yo ku ya 30 Ukuboza 2004 No 214-FZ "kugira ngo agire uruhare mu kubaka inyubako z'inzu n'ibindi bintu bimwe na bimwe bishingiye ku mategeko by'amashyirahamwe y'uburusiya".
Umubare w'amagorofa n'ibice mu nzu yafunzwe (Umujyi) ntabwo ari ngombwa; Ariko, kugirango tubone uruhushya rwo kubaka, birakenewe gukora igihe kirekire (kugeza kumezi 3) nibizamini bihenze
Ibi bivuze ko umudugudu wumujyi uzaba ufite imenyekanisha ryayo, rikubiyemo ibisobanuro byuzuye (harimo nigihe ntarengwa cyo kurangiza akazi), kandi nabyo bizashyirwa kurutonde kandi byose bigomba kubakwa kuri ako gace. Itangazo ryemewe ryumushinga ni umuyobozi mubikorwa. Kurangiza kubaka umudugudu byemejwe uruhushya rwo kwinjira mu bikorwa, bitangwa na Komite Nyobozi y'Inyigisho z'amakomine. Nyuma yiki gice cyumujyi gishobora gushyirwaho kugurisha.
Kurundi ruhande, igice cya Thousus kirashobora gutegurwa kandi nkinzu yigenga yigenga. Umubare ntarengwa wemewe wamagorofa nkiyi nanone uhwanye na batatu, ariko ubunini bwurubuga ntigifite imipaka. Muri uru rubanza, mugihe umuguzi ashobora gutanga kugura, kurugero, abinjijwe mumasezerano yubwubatsi. Muri uru rubanza, ntabwo ari ngombwa gukora no kwemeza imenyekanisha ry'umushinga, ariko uwabashyizeho abitezi muri uru rubanza agomba kugira uruhare runini mu kwerekana igenamigambi ry'umudugudu. Bitabaye ibyo, ingorane zirashoboka mugihe utegura amazi n'amashanyarazi. Imibonano mpuzabitsina igishushanyo mbonera ntigatorosha abaguzi, kuko impinduka zose muburyo isi cyangwa imiterere izemeza icyegeranyo cyinyandiko nshya.
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Isi
Ibi biterwa no kumenya niba umujyi uzaba inzu cyangwa inzu? Mbere ya byose, uhereye kumiterere no kugenwa nubutaka. Duhereye ku munyamategeko, umugambi ukwiye wo kubaka Umujyi ugomba kuba ufite imiterere yubutaka bugenewe gutuza-kubaka (MYH kwisi). Uwabateza imbere, icyarimwe, agomba kuyoborwa na SP 54.1333020.011 "inyubako zo guturamo" (snip 31-01-2003).
Inzu yubatswe yafunzwe muri uru rubanza izaba inzira nyinshi. Igice cyose kizaba mugihe cyo kugurisha nk'inzu itandukanye n'umuryango wacyo. Muri ukuyemo gusa - ntuzashobora gukora ubutaka mumitungo. Urubuga ruzaba urw'abafite umutungo utimukanwa ku burenganzira bwo guhuriza hamwe (cyangwa gusangira) umutungo cyangwa abandi bantu (niba igihugu gikodeshwa). Noneho kubihindura inzu cyangwa urubuga iyo ari yo yose (niba watera igihuru cyangwa gushiraho swing) bizaba ngombwa kugirango ubone uburenganzira bwa ba nyir'ibice byose.
Niba igihugu kiri hafi yumujyi gikodeshwa, ntabwo gifite agaciro kubaguzi. Amasezerano yo gukodesha igihe kirekire asanzwe ahita ahita, nuko ba nyir'ibice by'inzu yafunzwe ntibizavuka. Ndetse iyo uhinduye nyirubwite (urugero, niba umugambi w'ubutaka uva muri nyirubwite ku mutungo w'imiryango ya Suburbal), ntibishoboka gutandukanya umugambi wo mu isabune yo mu mujyi uva mu mujyi. Ku masoko y'Itegeko igomba kugira ubutaka bumwe bukenewe bwo kubungabunga no gukora.
Niba urubuga rugenewe kubaka amazu kugiti cye, rushobora kubarwa ninyubako itandukanye yumunsi hamwe numubare wamagorofa atarenze batatu, agamije gutura umuryango umwe. Inzu nk'iyi irashobora guhuzwa n'andi mazu asa n'inkuta, ariko ibice bituranye muri uru rubanza ntibigomba kugira ibibanza bisanzwe (atics cyangwa munsi yo munsi).
Mbere yo Kugura, Menya neza ko Urubuga ruherereye rufitanye isano nicyiciro cya "UBUTAKA BUKURIKIRA" Uruhushya rwo kubaka hasi (harimo inyubako zo guturamo)
Kubwamahirwe, kubura ahantu hakeye bigira ingaruka mbi kubiciro byo kubungabunga igice. Mubuhanga kandi buhebuje bwubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwinzu byose, kora muri rusange ntaharabura. Niba nta byumba bisanzwe, ikiguzi cyo kwiyongera no kubungabunga no kubungabunga (Itumanaho kuri buri gice bigomba gutangwa bitandukanye). Niyo mpamvu abaterankunga rimwe na rimwe bajya ku ibendera, kubaka ku bihugu bisigaye mu kubaka imiturire ku giti cye (isi Izhs), nk'uko amategeko abiteganya.
Mu masezerano yo kugurisha, igice cyerekanwe nkinzu cyangwa igice cyinzu yahagaritswe (andi mazina yizina - guhagarika cyangwa guhagarika interineti). Muri iki gihe, umugambi wo kugwa hafi yigihugu urashobora gutangwa mumitungo, kandi kurubuga kugirango ushire uruzitiro.
Ariko, hano hari ingorane zimwe. Ubunini ntarengwa bwemewe bwigice inzu kugiti cye byemewe ko cyashizwe, gishyirwaho na komine kandi bigaragarira muri gahunda rusange. Niba igihugu kimaze kuba gito, ibibazo birashobora kuvuka mugihe wanditse murugo. Amahitamo atatsinzwe cyane, niba uwateje imbere yubatse Umujyi ku murongo wubutaka wahawe ubukungu bwumutekano kugiti cye. Noneho iyubakwa irashobora guterwa biterwa no gufata icyemezo mu buryo butemewe n'icyemezo gishobora gukorwa ku gusenya kwayo.
Nubwo umujyi ufite aho uhurira n'amategeko, ni amazu yuzuye yuzuye, irimo igishushanyo mbonera cy'iyandikisha burundu ku baturage babo (niba ikigereranyo cy'isuku cya mu nzego kiboneka, n'inyubako ifite aderesi yemewe)
Nubwo niba abashinzwe iterambere na ba nyirubwite bihutira, barashobora kubona umwanya wo gutunganya imiterere muburyo bworoshye (ukurikije "imbabazi z'igihugu") kugeza ku ya 1 Werurwe 2018
Menya ko niba ufite imigabane yubutaka, irasoreshwa. Umubare wumusoro uhwanye nibicuruzwa bya kadari agaciro ka kadamu ku bunini bwacyo (umugabane) nigipimo cy'umusoro.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Kubungabunga urugo
- Nyir'umujyi agomba kwishyura:
- Ibikorwa bitangwa no gutanga imiryango;
- Ibirimo no gusana umutungo rusange w'umudugudu;
- Imisoro n'amahoro ukurikije amategeko agezweho.
Ingano yigiciro cyishyuwe kumazi, amashanyarazi, icyegeranyo cyimyanda kigenwa nabayobozi ba komini. Ariko umubare wanyuma wubwishyu nawo biterwa numutungo utanga umutungo, kandi ukomoka mu mibanire umudugudu. Agace k'umujyi ntirurenze inzu, bityo ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi, gutanga amazi, gushyushya bizaba byinshi.
Ibiciro byibikorwa (kurinda, gusukura, gukusanya imyanda) bigenwa nibisobanuro byubaka umudugudu, uburyo bwo gushyiraho itumanaho, aho ibikorwa remezo bihari. Reba isosiyete yo kuyobora irashobora guhinduka. Nibyo, kubwibi, abakozi bayo bagomba kuba beza cyane.
Niki ugomba kwitondera kugura umujyi?
Niba utekereza kugura umujyi, witondere ingingo zikurikira. Ubwa mbere, mugihe ibice byumujyi urenze icumi, kandi igorofa zirenze eshatu zari zigomba gukorwa nisuzuma rya leta ryumushinga.
Icya kabiri, sobanura ayo masezerano yatanzwe gutangwa mugihe ugura akarere, cyane cyane niba Umujyi ukiri wubatswe (cyangwa wubatswe, ariko ntabwo yashinzwe). Niba uguze akantu nk'inyubako mu nyubako y'amagorofa, birakenewe gutegura amasezerano yo kugira uruhare mu komite zishingiye ku bijyanye no kubaka, usibye ko umujyi wabaye mu kubakwa. Niba utagura igice gusa, ahubwo unafite umugambi wubutaka, amasezerano abiri atandukanye agomba kubambishijwe - ku nzu no ku isi.
Icya gatatu, niba isi ari umutungo rusange, saba gukora ibintu byerekana urwego rwubwisanzure kubijyanye nurubuga rwawe (kurugero, urashobora gutuma bidashoboka kumasezerano uzakorana ibitanda byindabyo Cyangwa ushyire magal, wubake gazebo cyangwa ushireho umwirondoro. muriki gihe, uzenganya muburenganzira hamwe na ba nyir'imbuga zabo, usibye kuyigurisha.
Icya kane, reba umushinga wo kwinjira murugo mu itumanaho ryubwubatsi. Niba umujyi wubatswe ku bihugu bya IZH, itumanaho rigomba kuba ryishyurwa ku giti cyabo muri buri gice. Niba ubishoboye, sura imidugudu nkiyi, vugana nabayituye. Bazakubwira ubuzima mu "hafi y'urugo" kuruta abatera imbere cyangwa abaterankunga.
Ipaki yinyandiko
Niba uguze umujyi (witeguye cyangwa murwego rwo kubaka), uwatezimbere agomba kuguha ibyangombwa bikurikira:
- Icyemezo cyo gutunga umugambi w'ubutaka;
- Inyandiko zo kubaka (uruhushya rwo guteza imbere, gutangaza umushinga, iteka ryemeza gahunda yo gutegura umushinga, gahunda yo kubaka, komite n'ibitabo);
- Amasezerano yuburinganire (niba ikintu cyaguzwe murwego rwo kubaka);
- Imiterere ya tekiniki yo gukoresha amashanyarazi, gaze, amazi, guta amazi, yegeranye mumihanda rusange (birakenewe ko yitondera agaciro k'inyandiko, ndetse ni uko itumanaho rizamenyekana munzu);
- umushinga w'amasezerano hamwe na sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere.
