Umuguzi

Kubijyanye nuburyo abaguzi kurinda uburenganzira bwabo bwo gukemura ikirego, bisaba umugurisha cyangwa uruganda. Ibitekerezo ku Mategeko

Niba rwiyemezamirimo adahuye numurimo wakazi, umuguzi afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba igihano. Kubara amafaranga yayo byoroshye: Ugomba kugwiza ijanisha ryibihano (bigenwa mumasezerano) ku giciro cyakazi nigihe cyo gutinda. Muri iki kibazo, birakenewe kuzirikana ko ingano ntarengwa yikihano (nubwo idasobanuwe mumasezerano) ni 3%. Kubwibyo, rwiyemezamirimo ntashobora kugabanya umubare wibihano.

Photoxpress.umutima Amakuru nyuma yo kugura ibintu biragaragara ko atadukwiriye kubwimpamvu runaka. Ibintu mubihe (ugereranije bidafite amakimbirane) subiza ibicuruzwa bidakoreshwa, ndetse no gupakira (kuvuga, isafuriya), mugihe ufite cheque nizindi nyandiko), nyabyo. Birakenewe iminsi 14 yo guhamagara kugurisha no guhana ntabwo byakwirakwiriye muburyo, amabara, ibipimo, imiterere yibicuruzwa, ikintu cyingenzi nuko ari mubicuruzwa. Nubwo cheque yazimiye, urashobora kwiringira gusubizwa cyangwa guhana ibicuruzwa kuri bisa, ariko ubundi bunini cyangwa ibara, imbere yubuhamya waguze uyu mugurisha runaka.

Ariko rimwe na rimwe ibicuruzwa byaguzwe bihinduka amakosa cyangwa bikatera ingaruka mbi kubaguzi. Muri iki gihe, kugirango ugere ku byifuzo, guhindura cyangwa gusana ikintu cyangiritse biragoye. Kubwibyo, hariho itegeko "ryerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi", ihumuriza amategeko yemerera uruhushya rw'ibibazo by'intambara.

Kubo amategeko yanditse

Reka dusubize ikibazo cyoroshye, ariko cyingenzi: Woba abaguzi kandi niba amategeko yanditseho yanditse mu mategeko "ku kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi"? Rero, umuguzi ni umuturage, "kubona cyangwa gukoresha ibicuruzwa (akazi, serivisi) kubantu bose, umuryango, ibyo bakeneye murugo, ibikorwa byo murugo nibindi bifitanye isano nishyirwa mubikorwa ryibikorwa byihamizo."

Mbere, itegeko "ryerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi" byatanzwe ko ibitekerezo bya "umuguzi" n "kugura" birasa. Ingaruka zatewe n'uburenganzira bw'aba bantu bataguze ibicuruzwa ubwabo cyangwa bategeka serivisi, ariko bakirwa, urugero, nk'impano. Mubyukuri, amategeko ntiyamenye abakoresha abaguzi. Impinduka zahinduwe kandi ziteganijwe ko abaguzi bashobora kuba benshi kandi umuguzi ntabwo byanze bikunze aba umuguzi wenyine wibicuruzwa byabonetse na we, umurimo watumijwe cyangwa serivisi. Noneho uri umuguzi wuzuye uguha ibicuruzwa. Cyangwa ikintu runaka, akazi cyangwa serivisi birashobora gutumiza no kwishyura kubisabwa, ni ukuvuga mu nyandiko zemeza ko kugura no kugurishwa, nta zina ryawe rizabaho. Niba ukoresha ibicuruzwa (akazi, serivisi) bitaguze (ntabwo byategetse) kugiti cyawe, uracyafite umuguzi, nkumuntu wabonye iki gicuruzwa.

Itegeko rihora riva ku rundi ruhande ko yarinzwe cyane n'amategeko, ni ukuvuga ku ruhande rw'umuguzi. Bikwiye kumenyekana ko itegeko "ryerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi" rireba gusa abagura ibicuruzwa kubyo bakeneye. Niba ibibazo bivutse hamwe no kugura ibicuruzwa byose, gahunda y'akazi cyangwa serivisi zo gukora ibikorwa byo kwihangira imirimo, kubashyiraho kubifahisha babifashijwemo n'amategeko mbonezamubano.

Gukoresha bifitanye isano no kubona ikintu icyo aricyo cyose, gahunda yakazi cyangwa serivisi. Mubyukuri, ibi bitekerezo birahujwe. Mu rukundo, uba nyir'ibicuruzwa (urugero, firigo yo muri firigo cyangwa microwave), ibyo bikaba bikoreshwa ejo hazaza kubyo ukeneye cyangwa ugerweho nabandi. Kubwibyo, ukoresheje ijambo "ibicuruzwa", tuzazirikana nkibintu byisi (vuga, wallpaper waguzwe mububiko bwibikoresho), kandi akazi gakoreshwa mubisabwa (urugero, guhagarara kwa Wallpaper) na serivisi zabiguhaye (nko gushakisha abubaka brigade kugirango basane munzu yawe cyangwa serivisi zumuka muri Realtor).

Photoxpress uyumunsi ni ingingo imwe y'ingenzi: ibicuruzwa ntabwo ari ingingo gusa, akazi cyangwa serivisi, ahubwo nanone bijyanye nibicuruzwa. Amategeko ateganya ingamba zinshingano zo gutanga amakuru atuzuye cyangwa utizewe. Nibyo, amategeko yikirusiya ni ubumuntu muriki gice. AB Ubwongereza bukomeye, bwategetse abitwa "abacuruzi b'ubusa" kumenyesha abakiriya bashoboye, bakabona ibicuruzwa byabo n'ingaruka zabo. Rero, leta ishimangira ko bidafite inshingano niba i Magic Wand yaguzwe na Def ugurisha agurisha azanga guhindukira muri zahabu.

Ubwishingizi Bwiza

Noneho tugomba kubona igisubizo cyikindi kibazo: Ibicuruzwa byaguzwe natwe (cyangwa byateganijwe akazi cyangwa serivisi) kugwa munsi yamategeko y amategeko "ku kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi"?

Ubwa mbere, ibicuruzwa wabonye bigomba byanze bikunze bigenewe ibyo murugo. Ku bicuruzwa byakorewe imikoreshereze y'umwuga, amategeko akubiye n'amategeko "ku kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi" ntibikurikizwa.

Icya kabiri, niba ushaka guhana ibicuruzwa byiza bitagusaba mu isura, ibara cyangwa ingano, menya neza ko guhana cyangwa gusana waguze na gato bigengwa na byose. Hano hari urutonde rwibicuruzwa byiza bidashobora gusimburwa bisa. Ibitabo birimo, kurugero, ibicuruzwa byapimwe (linoleum cyangwa tapi, insinga z'amashanyarazi, zashyizwemo ibikoresho byo mu nzira), ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho bya tekinike. ).

Niba rwiyemezamirimo adahuye numurimo wakazi, umuguzi afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba igihano. Kubara amafaranga yayo byoroshye: Ugomba kugwiza ijanisha ryibihano (bigenwa mumasezerano) ku giciro cyakazi nigihe cyo gutinda. Muri iki kibazo, birakenewe kuzirikana ko ingano ntarengwa yikihano (nubwo idasobanuwe mumasezerano) ni 3%. Kubwibyo, rwiyemezamirimo ntashobora kugabanya umubare wibihano.

Icya gatatu, birakenewe gusobanura igihe cyinshingano zumugurisha (uruganda, gukora) imbere yumuguzi mubikorwa (akazi, serivisi). Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kumenya ko igihe cyinshingano kubagurisha, uwabikoze, umuhanzi hamwe nabatumiza mu mahanga baratandukanye. Ijambo nyamukuru, birumvikana, rishyiraho uwabikoze (cyangwa ukora), niba rero umugurisha yaguhaye guhaza ibisabwa mubicuruzwa byiza, urashobora kuvugana nuwabikoze (ukora).

Kugeza ubu hariho manda ebyiri "ubuzima bwa serivisi" na "igihe cya garanti". Bagomba gutandukanywa.

Ubuzima bwa serivisi mugihe uwabikoze (uwica) yiyemeje gukoresha ibicuruzwa (akazi) kubwintego yagenewe kandi ashinzwe ibibi bifatika bikomoka kumakosa.

Uwabikoze ategetswe gushiraho ubuzima bwa serivisi gusa niba ibicuruzwa (cyangwa ibisubizo byakazi, serivisi) bishobora kuba bibi kubuzima, ubuzima bw'umuguzi cyangwa ibibi. Kubwibyo, kubicuruzwa bimwe, ubuzima bwa serivisi ni itegeko (urugero, kubikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya muzika, ibikoresho bya muzika n'ibikoresho bya siporo). Mubindi bihe byose, kugena ubuzima bwa serivisi ni kubushake. Niba utabonye ikimenyetso cyubuzima bwa serivisi mubyangombwa biherekeje mubicuruzwa waguze, birashoboka gutanga ikirego cyiza cyibicuruzwa kumyaka 10 uhereye igihe hakurya Iki kintu (amategeko amwe akora kumurimo cyangwa serivisi). Ubuzima bwa serivisi bupimwa mumasaha, iminsi ya ormy, rimwe na rimwe mumasaha yakazi cyangwa ibirometero (bitewe nibicuruzwa).

Igihe cya garanti nigihe uwabikoze (ugurisha), umugurisha, umuryango wemewe cyangwa rwiyemezamirimo wemewe, abatumiza babiherewe uburenganzira, abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba guhaza ibyifuzo byabaguzi kugirango bakureho ibicuruzwa (akazi). Ishyirwaho ryigihe cya garanti nukuri, ntabwo ari inshingano zumukora (umuhanzi). Igomba kwitondera ko hari kandi igihe cya garanti gisobanurwa nugurisha (igihe cya garanti cyateganijwe niba uwabikoze atagaragaje inshingano ze). Umugurisha arashobora gushyiraho igihe cyakorwa cyane, bityo yongera igihe cya garanti, yemewe mubicuruzwa nuwabikoze.

AESLI Gragingo igihe cyibicuruzwa ntabwo yashizweho? Noneho umuguzi afite uburenganzira bwo kwerekana umugurisha (uruganda, umuryango wemewe cyangwa rwiyemezamirimo wemewe, niba utumiwe mu mategeko, nk'uko bivugwa mu itegeko "," imbere Igihe cyumvikana, ariko mugihe cyimyaka 2 "kuva umunsi wo kwimura ibicuruzwa kumuguzi (ariko, ukurikije amasezerano yo kugurisha, ni ngombwa rero gusuzuma witonze, bityo birakenewe kugirango usuzume neza inyandiko yamasezerano mbere yo kuvugana nugurisha ). Igihe cyarangwa cya garanti (serivisi) kingana nimyaka 5, niba akazi kajyanye numutungo utimukanwa, cyangwa 2godas mubindi bihe byose. Nyamuneka menya ko igihe cyarangwate cyikintu cyasuye garanti gusana muri kiriya gihe mugihe kidakoreshwa mugihe cyo kuvura cyangwa gusimbuza ibicuruzwa kugeza kumunsi yo gutanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahugurwa yo gusana).

Hariho undi hafi mu buryo busobanura ijambo - "ubuzima bw'imikono." Iki gihe, nyuma yibicuruzwa (akazi) bifatwa nkibidakwiye gukoreshwa. Mubyukuri, ubuzima bwibintu buhujwe nubuzima bwa serivisi nigihe cya garanti. Ubuzima bwagaciro bwashyizwe ku bicuruzwa bikoreshwa neza mugihe bikoreshejwe (ingero zoroshye zo kurya), kimwe no kuri ibyo bicuruzwa Imico yabaguzi ishobora kwangirika mugihe (urugero, imiti yo murugo). Ni ngombwa kumenyekanisha itariki izarangiriraho yamabatiza ibicuruzwa bigura igihe runaka cyo guhagararira akaga kumuntu.

Sobanura icyo igihe ntarengwa cyinshingano, muri pasiporo (amabwiriza yo gukoresha cyangwa izindi nyandiko zose ziherekeza ku bicuruzwa byatanzwe nuwabikoze cyangwa na rwiyemezamirimo). Manda yo mu mahanga, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwayo bubarwa kuva ku munsi wo kugurisha ibintu ku baguzi (keretse biteganijwe ukundi n'amategeko). Kubicuruzwa bimwe, bikozwe, kuko ushobora kugura nyakatsi mugihe cy'itumba, ukurikira wa mugani wubwenge, ariko bizakomeza kubikoresha mugihe cyizuba gusa. Kubwibyo, igihe ntarengwa cyinshingano zitwa ibicuruzwa byabamo ibihe byabazwe uhereye igihembwe gihuye (amatariki yo gutangira ibibanza bitandukanye, biterwa nikirere cyakarere kawe; kunonosora urwego by'ibihe biturutse ku mugurisha).

Buri gicuruzwa ni amategeko yabo

Ugushyingo 2006 Mu gika cya 2 cy'ingingo ya 1 y'Itegeko "Ku rwego rwo kurwanya ibicuruzwa (akazi, gutanga, gutanga serivisi) kubaguzi barashobora zitangizwa mubyiciro bimwe byibicuruzwa.

Kubasomyi bacu, biha ibikoresho murugo, turamenyesha neza ibitekerezo byihariye bigomba kwishyurwa mugihe bugura ibikoresho:

• Amakuru yerekeye ibikoresho agomba kuba arimo amakuru ajyanye nintego yacyo; kubyerekeye ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho kandi birashira; Kubyerekeye uburyo, igihe, ibintu byo gutanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa kubaguzi;
• Umugurisha ategekwa gukoresha mbere yo gutegura ibikoresho byo kugurisha, harimo na cheque yuzuye, kuba hari ibice bikenewe ku iteraniro, gahunda yo guterana (niba ari ugusenyuka) n'ibintu byose bikubiye mu nzu. Ariko, menya ko amahugurwa yo mu nzu mbere yo kugurisha adatanga ibyerekeye inteko yayo
• Iheruka ikorwa kumafaranga (keretse, birumvikana, bitabaye ibyo bitasobanuwe mumasezerano);
Iyo ugurisha ibikoresho, umuguzi yimuriwe kuri cheque y'ibicuruzwa, byerekana izina ry'ibicuruzwa, izina ryanyuma, izina, umubare wibintu bikubiye mu bikoresho byabonetse (gushiraho), umubare y'ibintu bikenewe, igiciro cya buri ngingo kiratandukanye, igiciro cyose cyibikoresho byashyizweho, reba ibikoresho byo hejuru.

Photoxpress.rrusller igomba gutunganya ibikoresho kugirango umuguzi ashobore kujya mu bwisanzure abishaka, tekereza kuri iki kintu kandi urebe ko ubuziranenge bw'umuguzi bunyuzwe.

Hano hari ibikoresho byo mu nyungu no kugurisha. Ubwa mbere, Mbere yo Gutegura (Kugenzura, Gukurikirana Ibicuruzwa, Kugenzura Ibicuruzwa Byuzuye, Kuboneka Ibicuruzwa byose-Ishyamba n'ibiti Ibikoresho (urugero, Urugi n'amadirishya), ibikoresho byo kubaka (amatafari, ibikoresho byo gusakara), ibisarure by'ibyuma (no gupima), ibikoresho byo kubaka (imiryango yemewe).

Amakuru yamategeko

Ukwakira 2007 Itegeko "ryerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi" ryahinduwe. Bifitanye isano n'ingingo zikurikira:

• Amategeko ntakiri igitekerezo cy '"ibicuruzwa bihenze", yemerera gukemura amakimbirane mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo kuburanisha (nakundaga gutegereza niba ibicuruzwa bishobora guterwa n'icyiciro gihenze);
• Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa (akazi, serivisi) bigomba kubahiriza amasezerano cyangwa ibisabwa biteganijwe gusa n'amategeko, ariko kandi, ni ukuvuga, ibyo bikubiye mubyangombwa bya tekiniki (urugero, gores cyangwa tu);
• Niba ibicuruzwa byagaragaye ko byasanwe mugihe cya garanti, abaguzi bategekwa gutanga raporo neza nibicuruzwa byamenyekanye nuburyo bikurwaho, mugihe umukozi wa serivisi agomba gutanga raporo yanditse;
• Igihe ntarengwa gikemutse cyo gusana garanti ni iminsi 45; Niba gusana bitinze, umuguzi afite uburenganzira bwo kwerekana ikindi gisabwa giteganijwe n'amategeko - urugero, gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byubwiza budakwiye nikindi gicuruzwa;
• Niba ibibi bitandukanye byibicuruzwa biboneka mugihe cya garanti nigihe cyose cyo kurandura mugihe cyumwaka wa garanti kikarenga iminsi 30, umuguzi yemerewe gutanga ibindi bisabwa 30,
• Niba mugihe cyo gusana ugomba gutanga ikindi gicuruzwa cyo gukoresha by'agateganyo, bigomba kugira ibintu bimwe byingenzi byabaguzi nkikintu waguze, kibacwa cyane mumategeko;
• Noneho ibihe bisuzumwe bigengwa n amategeko, kandi umuguzi afite uburenganzira bwo kuba ahari mugukoresha ibicuruzwa (ibi bizarinda imanza mugihe ugurisha utitonda yatangaga gusana ibicuruzwa mugihe cyibisamo, atabimenyesheje Umuguzi, kubera ibihe byarangwa ku bicuruzwa bitayongereye);
• Ivugurura ryihariye ku mategeko Kongera inshingano z'abagurisha, zitazashyikiriza ibicuruzwa byishyuwe mbere. Noneho ingano ya penariti ni 0.5% yikiguzi cyibicuruzwa (kumunsi wo kwishyura) kuri buri munsi wo gutinda.

Icya kabiri, iyo ugurisha ibicuruzwa bidashidikanywaho (byumwihariko, ibyihuta byashyizwe mubikorwa nuburemere) bigomba gukoreshwa nibikoresho byo gupima ibiro. Kubwibyo, umugurisha agomba guha umuguzi ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza uburemere, ingamba nuburyo bwibicuruzwa byaguzwe. Apowa asabwa kubaguzi bafite amatsiko kandi batoye umucuruzi-abaguzi ategekwa kumumenyera inzira yo gupima ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa byashyizweho binyuze mu mahame.

Kimwe no kugura ibikoresho, hamwe nibicuruzwa, umuguzi ahinduranya ibicuruzwa, byerekana izina ryibicuruzwa nugurisha, ibipimo ngenderwaho, kimwe na numero yayo, kimwe ninyandiko zayakozwe zijyanye nayo ( Passeport, amabwiriza yo gukoresha, ibyemezo, izindi nyandiko ziherekeza). Niba ibikoresho byo kubaka bigurishwa byuzuye, umugurisha agomba kugenzura ibicuruzwa byose (harimo no gusobanura ibintu bigize iyi kikoresho).

Twanditse ikirego

Noneho, niba ubonye ko ibicuruzwa bidakwiranye n'ibara cyangwa ubunini, cyangwa byavugishije ibibi bisaba umugurisha usaba gusimbuza ibintu, kuyisana cyangwa gusubiza ikiguzi. Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba gukora inyandiko ishingiro ryibicuruzwa byawe nikicuruzwa, akazi cyangwa serivisi. Umuguzi ahitamo, rwose azinubira ireme ry'ibicuruzwa (akazi, serivisi) - Umugurisha (ishyirahamwe cyangwa ba rwiyemezamirimo ku giti cye bakora ibicuruzwa, akazi cyangwa serivisi) cyangwa Rwiyemezamirimo (ishyirahamwe cyangwa rwiyemezamirimo ku giti cye akora akazi cyangwa gutanga serivisi kubaguzi amasezerano yishyurwa).

Iyo umuguzi asubiye ibicuruzwa byiza, umugurisha cyangwa uwabikoze afite uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, bifata iminsi 10-20. Igiciro cyo gushyira mubikorwa nkiki kizamini gikomoka kubagurisha. Niba ibisubizo byikizamini, byatanzwe nugurisha cyangwa uwabikoze, ntabwo byakubereye, urashobora guhindukirira impuguke zigenga, ariko uzishyura akazi kabo muriki kibazo wenyine.

Ingorane zirashobora kubaho niba waguze ibicuruzwa bitari munsi yamasezerano (urugero, munsi ya Masa Amasezerano ya Mena) cyangwa yaguze ikintu kubashyira kumuryango haba kuri rwiyemezamirimo ku giti cyabo, ariko umuntu ku giti cye. Itegeko "ryerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi" ntabwo rikoreshwa mu mibanire nk'iyi, bityo ibintu byose bitavugwaho rumwe bigomba gukemurwa hifashishijwe amategeko mbonezamubano. Kurugero, niba wemeye gusana isosiyete yubwubatsi, ariko hamwe numwubatsi umenyereye kandi ireme ryakazi kabo ntizikwiranye, ugomba kurengera uburenganzira bwawe ku miryango rusange.

Nta buryo bukomeye bwo gusaba, bityo turaguha gahunda yo kwandika ntangarugero kuriyi nyandiko:

• Umuyobozi mukuru wa LLC "ayobowe n'ikirego", "Umuyoboro rusange", "umuyobozi mukuru", "umuyobozi mukuru", "umuyobozi mukuru");
• Umuntu ufite ikirego, ni ukuvuga ("ukomoka kuri V.D. Kuba kuri Aderesi: Ivanovo, Ul. Yaba amazi, 4-33-22");
• Ikimenyetso cyateganijwe cyizina ryinyandiko: Mu murongo wihariye, "imvugo" igomba kwandikwa (niba ibicuruzwa ari byiza, ariko bidakwiriye kwishura agaciro kaguzwe ibicuruzwa bibi);
• Kugaragaza ishingiro ryurubanza (byerekana igihe cyo kugura ibicuruzwa cyangwa imirimo yo gutumiza), harimo no gusaba kubicuruzwa, akazi cyangwa serivisi. Ni byiza kwerekana ingingo z'amategeko, hashingiwe ku kwishyura (urugero nanzuye na LLC mu muntu uyobora inzobere muri Vg Ermane May kugirango ukore itanura ku nzu y'igihugu. 30 Iyuna. Nyuma y'ibipimo byibanziriza mbere byatangiye imirimo. IBIKORWA BY'UMURIMO 2008 20 mu rwego rwo kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi ", mfite uburenganzira bwo guhagarika amasezerano yo gutanga serivisi, kubera ko ibibi bifatika bya serivisi byatanzwe byemewe");
• Gushiraho ibisabwa byawe ni ukumenya niba wangiriye nabi indishyi, cyangwa uzategura ibicuruzwa bishya, cyangwa urashaka kuguha ibicuruzwa bishya (urugero, "Ndasaba gukuraho ibyo bitunze");
• Iyo ikirego kirangiye, ni ngombwa kumenyesha umugurisha (uruganda, rwiyemezamirimo) kubyerekeye imigambi yayo niba ibirego bitanyuzwe. Nyamuneka wibuke ko ikirego atari ibaruwa ifite iterabwoba, nintangiriro yibiganiro byubaka, kandi ibisubizo byayo bigomba kubona ibicuruzwa wifuzaga kugura. Urashobora rero kwandika: "Bitabaye ibyo, nzahatirwa gusaba urukiko kugira ngo akureho amakosa n'indishyingerwe ku byangiritse.;
• Itariki yo gukusanya gusa cyangwa gusaba;
• Umukono wawe;
• Urutonde rwa kopi yinyandiko uhaza ikirego (urugero, kugenzura ibicuruzwa, amasezerano, ibikorwa byo kwemerwa no kwanduza, ibyemezo bya garanti).

Inyandiko ziherekeza ikirego zirashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda atatu:

1) kwemeza ukuri kugura (cheque, amasezerano, inyemezabuguzi y'ibicuruzwa);

2) Inyandiko za garanti (Coupons, Passeport y'ibicuruzwa);

3) Inyandiko zijyanye n'ibirego byawe (ibikorwa byo kwemerwa no kwanduza, umwanzuro w'impuguke).

Iteka ry'inyandiko zigomba kugumana nawe, cyane cyane niba tuvuga ibicuruzwa binini byo kugura, akazi cyangwa serivisi. Gutega amatwi kopi birashobora kwizezwa buri gihe muburyo bwa noteri, ariko niba wabuze umwimerere, ntibizashoboka gukuraho kopi.

Ikirego cyanditswe muri kopi ebyiri (cyangwa kurasa fotokopi mu kintu cyonyine): Gutegura cyangwa ugurisha, no ku wa kabiri, abahagarariye uyu muhanzi, abagurisha bamenye Ikirego cyakiriwe kandi kiragusubira kuri wewe. Uhitamo uwo wohereza ikirego, ariko ugatangira ibyiza hamwe nugurisha (cyangwa umukora ukora ukora akazi cyangwa gutanga serivisi). Niba umugurisha yanze kwakira ikirego ku muganga wawe bwite, irashobora koherezwa na posita ukoresheje ibaruwa yanditse hamwe no gutanga. Ufite uburenganzira bwo kwerekeza ku wakoze ibicuruzwa, ariko ni ngombwa ko kwanga kujuje ibisabwa mu kirego cyawe byanditswe (muburyo bw'icyemezo cyo gutanga ugurisha).

Nshuti basomyi, turizera ko ubu uzamenya neza uburinganire bwabaguzi. Ariko turakwibutsa ko niba ugurisha (ukora) atigeze anyurwa kandi uri mu rukiko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, ntugomba kwirengagiza ubufasha bw'umunyamategeko, erega ntugomba guhora ufashijwe n'umunyamategeko, nyuma ya byose, ikirego gihora cyiza uyobowe n'inzobere.