Igorofa: ibyiza n'ibibi byo kugura kwabo

Shakisha uko ibyumba bishimishije kandi impamvu ibyifuzo bibakura. Kandi, ibyo birashobora kwangiza umunezero wo kugura.

Amategeko y'Ishyirahamwe ry'uburusiya asobanura ko amazu ari icyumba cy'agateganyo. Agace kabo ukurikije amategeko ni metero kare 40. M n'ibindi. Witondere kugira amacumbi abiri cyangwa menshi, mu gikoni, ubwiherero. Izi ni ibyumba byoroheje biherereye muri moteri, amahoteri, sanatori, amazu yibiruhuko, nibindi. Niba bashyizwe mubibazo byinshi bigoye cyangwa bashyigikiwe, birashobora kugurishwa kubantu.

Mbega byiza kugura amazu

Itandukaniro riri hagati yunzu ninyubako

Ibyiza nibibi

• Inyungu
• Ibibi

Ibiranga inguzanyo

Ninde wunguka

UMWANZURO

Amazu n'amagorofa: ni irihe tandukaniro

Gutandukana-amacumbi biratandukanye ninzu yandikiwe. Ubu ni umutungo utimukanwa, nyir'ibishobora gutura by'agateganyo, kudukodesha cyangwa gushyira abashyitsi. Nubwo haba mu kubaka amazu, ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibidukikije bya tekiniki byo guturamo byagaragaye, ntibibonerwa nk'ibyo. Ariko ibi bituma bishoboka kubihindura muriki cyiciro.

Irindi tandukaniro riri mu gutunga umutungo rusange. Ibi mu nyubako y'amagorofa ntekereza aho hantu hashobora kuba muri rusange: igiti, munsi yo munsi, ifasi yo munzu, nibindi. Kubanga amazu, igitekerezo cyumitungo rusange ntabwo kibaho. Byose ni ibya nyir'inyubako. Niba abapangayi bifuzaga kuvugurura ikintu hano, bagomba gucungura cyangwa gukodesha abakeneye.

Kugura amazu: ibyiza n'ibibi

Kugura bifite ibyiza byingenzi nibibi. Tuzabyumva birambuye muri byo.

Ibyiza byo kugura

Umutungo utimukanwa ufatwa nkishoramari ryiza. Cyane niba inyubako iherereye mu mujyi munini cyangwa resitora. Ibyiza byimiturire idasanzwe:

• Igiciro kiri munsi yurukuta ruhwanye na 17-25%. Ikigereranyo nyacyo gigenwa nibintu bitandukanye. Nyamukuru muri bo ni ihumure n'akarere kacumbika.
• Yashyizeho ibikorwa remezo. Niba ibyo kugura biri mu kigo cyimibereho myinshi, akenshi, noneho mu nyubako imwe cyangwa umubare munini w'amaduka, amabanki, resitora, n'ibindi biherereye mu nyubako imwe.
• Ahantu heza. Ibigo byubucuruzi naho muriho mubisanzwe biherereye mu gice cyo hagati cyumujyi cyangwa hafi. Biragaragara rero ko amahirwe yo kubika umwanya murugendo rwo gukora. Ibintu byose byingenzi byo mumijyi birari hafi.
• Ubushobozi bwo gushora imari. Yabonye amacumbi-amacumbi arashobora kurenga mugihe runaka cyo gusohora. Imibare irerekana ko ikiguzi cyacyo gihora gikura.
• Amahirwe yo gucungura. Ibi ntabwo ari amazu adatuye, kugirango basubirweho. Ariko icyarimwe, ibisabwa byose byumutekano bigomba kubahirizwa.

Ibi byose ninyungu zikomeye. Bagena ibisabwa byinshi kuri "idasanzwe". Bikenewe cyane cyane kuri mirigali, nka Moscou, Mutagatifu Petersburg, aho aho bakorera no gucumbika bishobora gutandukanya ibirometero icumi.

Ibibi

Usibye ibyiza hari imitego myinshi ishobora kugena ibyiza byo kugura.

• Ntibishoboka gushinga aho gutura. Amategeko ntabwo atekereza ku cyumba cyo gutura, bityo ntibyemewe kwiyandikisha. Gusa ikintu nyirubwite ashobora gukora nukubona kwiyandikisha by'agateganyo. Biteganijwe ko hari amahoteri cyangwa hoteri ya hoteri. Mu bindi bihe, ndetse ibi ntibiteganijwe. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kwerekana imiterere yamazu nyamara kurwego rwo kugura. Igihe ntarengwa cyo kwiyandikisha kizatangwa ni imyaka itanu, noneho irashobora kongerwa. Noneho hari amakuru mu Burusiya ashobora kwemerera kwiyandikisha mu nzu, ariko kugeza ubu amategeko ntabwo byemewe.
• Ntibishoboka kubona inkunga, inyungu, nibindi Kwiyandikisha by'agateganyo ntibishobora kuba ishingiro ry'igishushanyo cya Inn, cyashyizeho kungurana ibitekerezo. Kubura imiterere yimiterere yo gutura bibuza gutegura umutungo, inyungu zitandukanye cyangwa inkunga.
• Igiciro cyo gukomeza amazu kinyuranye ni kinini kuruta inzu. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku mutungo utari wo guturamo kiri hejuru, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru kandi ibiciro ntabwo ari ibintu. Itandukaniro mugiciro cyamazi ashyushye no gushyushya biragaragara cyane. Birenze ibisanzwe hafi kimwe cya kane.
• Gushoboza kuba abaturanyi "bitaboroheye". Ibiro, amaduka nandi mashyirahamwe birashobora gushyirwa mu rukuta, kuko ibintu byose bishobora kugurwa mu kigo cyubucuruzi. Ntabwo bategetswe kubahiriza "amategeko yo guceceka", ni itegeko ryo ku nyubako zamagurwa.
• Mugihe habaye ingorane zo kwishyura inguzanyo, Banki ifite uburenganzira mubucamanza bwo gufata imitungo itimukanwa yimyenda.
• Kurema Hoa ntibishoboka. Ibi akenshi bihinduka igiciro kinini cyo gutanga imiturire na serivisi zingirakamaro. Isubiramo, isosiyete y'ubwubatsi ifatwa n'uruhare rwa jeep. Urebye ko nta bundi buryo bwabatuye, bagomba kwishyura igiciro cyambukiranya.
• Rimwe na rimwe, umuguzi w'imiturire hanze yumujyi agomba kwishyura amafaranga yinyongera yo guhuza itumanaho. Iterambere ni ingirakamaro kugura uduce tuhendutse nta mazi, gaze, ibindi bicuruzwa. Noneho nkuko nyirubwite agomba kwishyura inyongera kubijyanye nayo. Byongeye kandi, uzirikana ikibazo cyogutegura Hoa, igiciro cyamahoro na serivisi rusange gishobora kuba kinini cyane.

Biragaragara ko ibitamba byose bifitanye isano nuburyo bwo gutanga umutungo utimukanwa. Ntabwo ari gutura cyangwa ubucuruzi. Iyi niyo nyamukuru, ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yizura. Amategeko yemerera guhinduka, ariko ibi bisaba kubahiriza ibisabwa byinshi bitandukanye. Niba ibisobanuro nkibi bya nyirubwite bizaza, mbere yisoreza, birakenewe niba bishoboka na gato.

Ibiranga amasezerano yinguzanyo

Amenshi mu nzu yabonetse mu nguzanyo, iyi ni imyitozo isanzwe kubarusiya. Ku bijyanye n'amagorofa, gahunda nkiyi ntishobora gukora kuko kugura ikintu cyubucuruzi gifatwa. Dore urutonde rwibibazo bishoboka mugihe ukora inguzanyo:

• Binini kuruta niba ari inzu, amafaranga yambere.
• Igipimo cyinyungu kiri hejuru cyane.
• Uburyo burebure kandi bugoye bwo kugereranya ikintu.

Ntabwo aribyo byose. Amabanki ntabwo buri gihe atanga inguzanyo kugirango agure agace k'ubucuruzi. Kubwibyo, umubare wibyifuzo bizaba bitarenze ibyo bishoboka. Ibisabwa mu gutanga amabanki y'inguzanyo yemera:

• Amafaranga kumusanzu wambere, byibuze 15% byamafaranga asabwa.
• Kwemeza kumugaragaro amafaranga yinjiza.
• Ubwishingizi bw'imitungo itimukanwa.
• Kubaho kw'ibintu byuzuye byo kubemerera kutezimbere, niba iyi ari inyubako nshya.

Gushyigikira leta ibibanza ntabwo byatanzwe. Nta porogaramu ziteganijwe, harimo Matriptal, ntukore.

Ninde wunguka kugira umutungo wubucuruzi

Birasa nkaho imitungo itimukanwa idahwitse irashaka. Byinshi mubintu byose byibintu, byongera cyane ikiguzi cyibirimo, kora bidashoboka kubona inyungu, nibindi. Ariko mubyukuri iyi format irahaze.

• Abantu ntibagura amazu yambere. Kuri bo, ingorane zose zirimo kwiyandikisha nizindi nyandiko zidafite akamaro. Bose bakozwe kuri aderesi yambere, ishobora kuba ahantu hose.
• Abanyeshuri cyangwa abahatanira. Ntabwo bakeneye ibikorwa remezo. Kurugero, kuba hafi yishuri cyangwa ishuri ryincuke. Niba icyumba giherereye mu nyubako y'amagorofa, iyi ni amahitamo meza kumiryango. Muri iki gihe, ibipimo byose byimibereho birakorwa.
• Abashoramari. Ntibatekereza ko ibyo babonye nkahantu ho guma kwabo, dufata gusa kugirango twunguke.
• Abacuruzi. Gukodesha gukodesha, fungura hoteri, nibindi

Kubi Pansiyo, imiryango ifite abana, imiterere nkiyi irashobora kuba abadakira cyane bishoboka. Gusa wongeyeho ni bike, ugereranije nubundi, igiciro. Ariko ibindi byose bizatwara byinshi. Kwishura umuryango n'imisoro bizaba byinshi, ntibizashoboka gutegura inkunga. Byongeye kandi, nta cyemezo cyemeza ko imiterere izabarirwa mu gace ifite ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere.

Mu mategeko, uwabatezimbere ntabwo ategetswe kubahiriza amahame mbonezamubano, gucuruza ahantu hantu, kubaka parikingi, nibindi. Ntabwo rero azasenya. Bitabaye ibyo, baza igihe giteganijwe guhindura umutungo utimukanwa mu gutura. Iterambere rishobora kubikora mu mpera, ako kanya nyuma yo gutangiza inyubako nshya mubikorwa.

UMWANZURO

Amabuye y'amazi mugihe ugura amazu muri Moscou cyangwa undi mujyi wose. Ibi biracyari imiterere mishya yumutungo, bidakwiriye kunezeza byose. Gahunda ya leta iteganya kugenzura iyi nzemu. Ibipimo byemerwa, bigamije kugereranya itandukaniro murwego rwa ba nyiri amazu akoresheje nkinzu yonyine. Kugeza ubu, hari amahame make nkaya, ugomba gupima witonze no kurwanya mbere yo kugura.